A Self-guided Tour of

We have prepared this self-guided walk for your education and enjoyment. Along the way you will gain some insight into the Garden's colorful past, while learning about California's native flora and other fascinating aspects of the natural history of our local area. Walking at a leisurely pace, the route will take you about one hour to complete. The Self-guided Tour itinerary includes historical information about the Garden and its buildings and grounds. You will also read about the origins of individual plant specimens along with information on the plants, animals, and rocks found here. Some of the plants most important to the Chumash and other California Native American groups are also featured. The 26 stops along the path are marked with small numbered signs. We hope that this self-guided walk enhances your enjoyment of the Garden. Please share your comments about this guide with our staff so that we can continue to improve our services for Garden visitors.

You may borrow a copy of the Self-guided Tour itinerary and/or a laminated map of the tour route at the Entrance Kiosk. Please return any borrowed materials when you leave the Garden.

Introduction The Garden is a pleasant place to visit in all seasons. The Garden selects and displays plants native to California in a variety of settings that depict natural habitats. From towering redwoods to delicate grasslands, over a thousand species are located on the grounds. We have prepared this self-guided walk for your education and enjoyment. Along the way you will gain some insight into the Garden‟s colorful past, while learning about California‟s native flora and other fascinating aspects of the natural history of our local area. Walking at a leisurely pace, the route will take you about one hour to complete. The booklet includes historical information about the Garden and its buildings and grounds. You will also read about the origins of individual plant specimens along with information on the plants, animals, and rocks found here. Some of the plants most important to the Chumash and other California Native American groups are also featured. We hope that this self-guided walk enhances your enjoyment of the Garden. . Please share your comments about this guide with our staff so that we can continue to improve our services for Garden visitors The 26 stops along the path are marked with small numbered signs. You may borrow a laminated map of the tour route at the entrance kiosk. Please return the booklet and the map to the entry kiosk when you leave the Garden. Beginning your tour: Directly north of the Garden Shop is the Meadow Section and, in the distance, the Santa Ynez Mountains. The sandstone outcrops of these mountains provide a dramatic backdrop for the Meadow.

Desert Section To your left as you look toward the mountains is the Desert Section. This sunny area with sandstone outcrops provides a setting for plants native to the most arid regions of California. 35% of California is desert, receiving less than 10 inches of rain per year.

1) Jojoba: Save the Whales with the Oil Planted over 65 years ago. As you approach the Desert Section from the entrance, you will see a clump of large jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) shrubs to the left of the path. These are larger than the typical size for this species which usually forms a 3-to 6-foot tall shrub in the wild. Male and female flowers of this shrub are borne on separate plants. Jojoba plants produce oil-rich nuts that are eaten without preparation by certain Native American peoples. The Cahuilla (kə-wē'ə) Indians make a drink by grinding the nuts, boiling the meal, and then straining off the liquid. The jojoba is also known as the goat-nut or pig-nut plant, and the nuts have been used as livestock feed. At one time the nuts were sold in Los Angeles drug stores for use as a hair-restorer, and they are still used for this purpose in parts of Mexico. In Mexico a rich drink, somewhat like thick chocolate, is also made from the nuts. The boiled oil that is extracted from the nuts is used as a body oil, and as an ingredient in shampoo. It has been used as a substitute for whale oil in a number of products. The oil is chemically a wax and is indigestible to humans. Now follow the path to your left and into the desert. A surprising array of plant species thrive in the conditions of low rainfall and seasonal temperature extremes that occur in our deserts. A variety of adaptations that reduce water loss are apparent among desert plants. Continue through the Manzanita Section up to the Home Demonstration Garden.

2) California Fan Palms: Our Only Native Palm Trees Planted in 1936. In the northwest corner of the Desert Section to the left of the Information Kiosk, are the Garden‟s two largest California fan palms (Washingtonia filifera). These specimens were burned in the 2009 Jesusita fire, however you can see how they are making a comeback. This palm is found in oases of the Sonoran Desert. Fan palms grow along earthquake faults where ground water is close to the surface and this interesting distribution pattern can be seen clearly from an airplane. The Cahuilla Indians use different parts of this plant for a variety of purposes. The thin, sweetish fruit pulp is eaten fresh and the seeds are ground into meal for making bread and porridge. In some cases, both the flesh and seeds are dried in the sun and ground into flour. Fruits are soaked in water to produce a beverage. Gourd rattles are filled with fan palm seeds and used as musical instruments. The leaf stalks (petioles) have been used to make cooking utensils. Palm leaves are used to roof ramadas and to make baskets and sandals, while palm fibers produce fine cordage. Continue on the loop and return to main path. Continue north on the main path to the pond area.

3) The Blaksley Boulder: A Big Boulder from Far Away The Blaksley Boulder is one of the hallmarks of the Botanic Garden. Two plaques of great significance in the Garden‟s history adorn this rock. The first is a dedication of the Garden by the founder Anna Dorinda Blaksley Bliss to her father. The lower plaque is a note of thanks to the energetic husband and wife team, Dr. and Mrs. E.J. Bissell who did much of the initial layout and planting of the Garden. The Blaksley Boulder is probably composed of Matilija Sandstone that was deposited during the Eocene Epoch some 40 million years ago. Much later, possibly about 15,000 years ago, toward the end of the last Ice Age, it is thought that large boulders were carried down to their present locations in the dense slurry of a debris flow. Imagine a very dense mixture of mud and boulders of various sizes rushing downhill as a result of a huge storm. Such storms were relatively common during this period of wetter climate in our region. If boulders are borne by a flow of debris which has almost the same density as the boulders themselves, the larger rocks tend to rise to the surface of the mixture due to bumping from below by smaller rocks. In this way, huge rocks can be transported for long distances.

4) Coast Live Oak, La Encina, El Encino Age of specimen: unknown. Shading the boulder is a coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia). This common evergreen tree can grow to a height of 25-50 or even 75 feet. The tree crown may spread to 150 feet, often with massive horizontal branches that sweep nearly to the ground. The shiny, dark green leaves are usually convex and have spine-tipped teeth along the margins. The undersurfaces have tufts of hairs at the intersections of the larger veins.

The coast live oak usually appears below 4,500 feet and is widespread from southern Mendocino County through the Coast Ranges to the mountains of southern California and Baja California, but is absent from the Sierra Nevada. It is often the dominant tree in the foothills and mountains of Santa Barbara County, and is the only species of aborescent oak indigenous to the grounds of the Botanic Garden. The acorns of the coast live oak were harvested by Native Americans and were an important part of their diet. The wood of this tree is hard, heavy, and moderately strong, and makes the best firewood of any California oak. It was used by mission builders as a source of charcoal for firing lime kilns that made adobe mortar. All of the California missions are located within the range of the coast live oak. Later, live oak wood was used in ship construction. The crotches of these trees were used to construct ships‟ “knees”. The charcoal became important to the gunpowder, bakery, and electric power industries. The above uses, combined with the encroachments of urbanization and agriculture, have greatly reduced the abundance of coast live oak. Fortunately, many remaining stands are reproducing relatively well, especially in protected foothill and mountain localities.

5) The Pond: Water for Plants and Animals It is important for the Garden to be able to display aquatic and semi-aquatic plants in a natural setting. During the history of the Garden there have been three or four pools and a marshy area that supported bog plants. Currently this is our largest pond. There are two other pools in the Children‟s Discovery Garden located down hill from the Garden entrance. At one time there was a sizeable man-made lake with an island in the center in the upper meadow. This pond is important to a variety of animals and plants. Algae, water ferns, and a diversity of aquatic invertebrates are found in the water. Mallard ducks and herons visit the pond from time to time. We are sure that at night many animals come to this pool to drink. The red-eared slider turtles, native to the southern United States, were donated by Turtle Dreams, a Santa Barbara rescue organization, and are of great interest to our young visitors. The mosquito fish, native to streams near the Gulf of Mexico, were introduced to control aquatic mosquito larvae. Ponds and marshes provide many plants that are important to California‟s Native Peoples. The rushes, cattails, tules, and yellow pond lilies that are displayed here all have significant Native American uses. To the left of the pond is the historic information Kiosk. Follow the path between the pond and kiosk to the Orchid Display

6) Orchid Display The Orchid display features several species of native orchids. Soil amendment and specialized irrigation were required to prepare the area for orchids. The resulting growth environment is more moist and acidic than other areas of the Garden and allows us also to grow a range of interesting plants associated with orchids in the wild. Species that have been impossible to grow elsewhere in the Garden, such as the carnivorous California pitcher plant (Darlingtonia californica) and sundews (Drosera species), bleeding hearts (Dicentra species), monkshood (Aconitum columbianum), and cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis), are included here. California's orchids belong to a small group of about 100 North American species that are adapted to temperate climates where conditions are periodically cold and dry. All of our native orchids are terrestrial, and so are rooted in the ground and derive their nutrients from the soil. Thirty-four species occur naturally in California and are found throughout the state in a variety of habitats. The greatest diversity is found in the northwest, where rainfall is most abundant. Piperia, with ten species, is the largest genus, and includes four species endemic to California. Apart from the showy flowers of the Cypripedium and Calypso species, the flowers of most native orchids appear insignificant. Under close inspection, they are actually quite beautiful and show a variety of fascinating adaptations to their environments. Continue up the path towards the top of the Meadow. Continue towards the top of the Meadow. On your right you will see the sundial.

7) Passing of Time at the Garden: The Sundial This sundial was one of four given to the Garden in the early 1920s. This unique design was created by engineer Victor E. Edwards of Worchester, Connecticut. It originally adorned the garden of the designer‟s brother, Frederick Edwards, who had a home on Mission Ridge Road. Most sundials are read directly from the shadow cast on the dial. This one is more elaborate than many, as it has separate pointers for standard and daylight saving time. This instrument is truly unique because the engineering data and blueprints were purposefully destroyed. Engineers have marveled at the mathematical complexity of its design. If it is a sunny day, read the sign at the edge of the path and follow the directions for using our sundial. If you have a watch, compare its reading with the time given by this beautiful instrument. Continue on the paved path down to the redwoods. Stop near the top of the path and look to your left.

8) Poison Oak To the left of the path grows an abundance of Poison Oak. This plant is widespread in the canyon and provides a good reason to stay on the trails while you enjoy the Garden. Poison oak (Toxicodendron diversilobum) is not related to the true oaks of the genus Quercus, but rather falls in the Sumac family . A Note of Caution: Poison oak causes moderate to severe allergic reactions in a large percentage of the population. About seventy percent of people are allergic to this plant if they have been exposed to the toxin more than once. For more information about the effects of this plant please ask our staff at the entrance kiosk.

There are many records of the medicinal use of poison oak, including use of the sap to cure warts and ringworm. The sap has also been a source of pure black dye for use in basketry, and it has been used for tattoos. The pliable stems are used in basketry, as are those of a close relative, the basket bush (Rhus trilobata). Poison oak stems were also used as drills for starting fires by some people, and as spits for cooking salmon. The Karuk people of northwestern California wrapped poison oak leaves around soap plant or Amole bulbs before cooking them.

9) Our Tall Trees: The Redwood Section You are now entering our shady Redwood Section, where the temperature on a hot summer day is many degrees lower than that of the warm Meadow above. It is thought that our Redwood Section began when a few saplings of the coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), were planted sometime in the late 1920s. In April of 1957, the annual Members Picnic was held among the redwoods and at that time the trees were about 60 feet in height. By 1983, the tallest tree had reached a height of 118 feet. Today the largest tree has a diameter of four feet at the base and is significantly taller. In the wild, coast redwoods grow from Monterey County northward to the California/Oregon border. Coast redwoods are the world's tallest trees and mature specimens can reach 300 to 350 feet in height. The trees here are mere teenagers in comparison to those found in the wild, which can live for 700 to 1200 years. We hope that future generations of local residents will see our trees at least double in height. Redwood logs occasionally reached the shores of the Santa Barbara Channel as driftwood, and were prized by the Chumash as wood for construction of plank canoes or “tomols.” At the lower end of the Redwood Section you will find the Old Mission Dam.

10) Old Mission Dam: Water for the Masses Soon after the establishment of Mission Santa Barbara in 1786, an expanding population increased water demands for domestic and agricultural use. The severe droughts of 1794 and 1795 prompted the creation of a water transport and storage system. The first reservoir for the Mission was constructed in 1806 and was located north of the present dam. Utilizing an ingenious design created by Franciscan padres, Native American laborers from the Barbareno Chumash crafted a water system that incorporated several technologies. Beginning in 1807, construction took seven years; the dam was made with stone, seashell and lime mortar, with alternating layers of small and large river cobbles collected from the creek. The padres selected a site with stable, protruding sandstone bedrock for placement of the dam. In most other areas, the canyon walls consist of loose boulders, rocks and soil. The dam has never been damaged in an earthquake and is in its original condition except for the bridge and some cement work on the lower side.

11) Fire Recovery In May of 2009, the Jesusita Fire roared down the canyon from the mountain slopes above. Two-thirds of the Botanic Garden was either burned or singed. Unfortunately, several buildings were lost from the Garden‟s property and a number of local residents lost their homes. We are most grateful to the firefighters for saving our remaining structures and a good portion of our important plant displays. From botanical and ecological standpoints, post-fire recovery of California chaparral and oak woodland areas is very interesting to study. Fire is by no means a disaster for our indigenous vegetation, but a recurrent “fact of life” in our area. Many of our native shrubs and trees have special mechanisms that allow them to survive and recover from a wildfire. We will watch closely as trees and shrubs re-sprout and others germinate anew from seeds in the ash-rich soil. Our flora includes “fire-following” species, and we will be on the look out for these special plants which are seen most commonly only in the few years following a fire. Retrace your steps into the Redwood Section and return to the Meadow via the Indian Steps on your right.

12) Island Tree Oak, Island Oak This tree was planted before 1946.

The island oak (Quercus tomentella) is a rounded tree, 25-50 feet in height, with dense, evergreen foliage. The leaves are tough and leathery with prominent parallel side veins, and small teeth along their margins. Leaves are dark green above and densely covered with tan hairs below. Island oak fossils have been found in several places on the California mainland. The most recent are about three million years old. This species can now be considered as a living relict of California's ancient past, surviving in nature only on the California Channel Islands (Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, West Anacapa, Santa Catalina, and San Clemente) and on Guadalupe Island off the coast of Baja California.

This species grows in dense or open woodlands, usually on north-facing slopes or in canyons, and is often the largest tree in its surroundings. From the top of the Indian Steps, continue left down the eastern side of the Meadow.

13) The Dudleya Section: “Live-forever” plants The Garden's exemplary collection of Dudleya is showcased in a large bed on the eastside of the Meadow, where 35 of the nearly 70 existent taxa are on display. These succulent plants, many of which are rare or narrowly distributed, are found primarily in the coastal regions of Central California south to Baja California, Mexico.

14) California Black Oak: Its Acorns Taste the Best Planted in 1947. The California black oak (Quercus kelloggii) is a deciduous tree that provides an impressive show of downy, red-tinged new leaves in spring. Mature leaves are large, deep green, and deeply lobed, with a soft-tipped bristle at the end of each lobe. Trees at higher elevations, for example at

4,000 feet in Yosemite Valley, provide attractive color when their leaves turn golden in the fall. Visitors from Europe and the east coast of the United States can easily recognize this tree as an oak, while many may not recognize our local live oaks. The coast live oak (stop #4), the Garden‟s most abundant tree, has tough, leathery, evergreen leaves, while the deciduous California black oak has large thin leaves. Can you guess an adaptive reason for such marked differences? Acorns of this species are considered the best tasting by the Native Americans who depended on them for a large portion of their diet. Young shoots of these trees can be used to make loop stirrers for cooking acorn mush.

15) California Buckeye: Both Food and Poison To the right of the black oak is a California buckeye tree (Aesculus californica) that was planted in 1947. Around the corner and down hill on the main path are more buckeye trees that were planted in 1939. The leafless silhouettes of these trees are striking in the winter when viewed from across the Meadow. In late spring they produce 6 to 8-inch clusters of whitish-pink, lightly fragrant flowers. The shiny brown fruits were used in a number of ways by Native Americans. They were mashed and scattered into pools in streams to stupefy fish, which could then be more easily caught with the hands or with a net. Some tribes used buckeye fruits for food. Methods of preparation varied from group to group, but leaching to remove toxins was an important step in the process. All parts of the tree are poisonous if untreated.

16) Conservation Garden The Santa Barbara Botanic Garden is a member of the Center for Plant Conservation (CPC). This national organization actively works to conserve the rare native plants of the United States. Botanists at our Garden have, for many years, been involved in monitoring and helping to preserve many species that are rare, threatened, or endangered in California‟s central coast area. Our Conservation Garden was established so that visitors could see first-hand a number of rare plant species that are indigenous to our region. Some of the species displayed here have only a few surviving individuals or populations in the wild and some are restricted to our offshore islands. We invite you to visit this small garden during various seasons so that you can see the plants at different stages of their life cycles. Take the path to your left down through the Ground Cover Display

17) Ground Cover Display The Ground Cover Display lies just down hill from the Meadow. This display presents a grouping of lowgrowing, drought-tolerant plants that can be used to fulfill this essential garden function. Ground covers are the workhorses in our gardens. Ground covers control soil erosion on a slope, replace water-hungry lawns, provide fire protection, serve as living mulch, accent other features in the landscape, or fill space, whether large (replacing a lawn) or small (cracks between stepping stones). The plants in this display showcase some of our low growing native plants and suggest how they may be used to advantage in landscaping. Proceed down to the Arroyo Section via the path to the left of the Shop and follow the curving path around to the wooden walkway.

18) Pacific Yew The Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia), located to the right of the bridge, is an attractive evergreen coniferous tree. This species ranges from southeastern Alaska through parts of British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon to the Klamath Mountains and Sierra Nevada of California and eastwards into Idaho and Montana.

The Pacific yew was first cultivated in 1854, and like the European yew, can be used to form hedges. Once established in the garden, Pacific yew grows well in partial shade or in full sun. Some Native American peoples traditionally associated Pacific yew with death and bereavement. The fragrant foliage also was used as a deodorant and cleaning agent. Tonics made from Pacific yew were used medicinally by many peoples of the Pacific Northwest. Although the seeds are poisonous, the fleshy portions (arils) surrounding them were sometimes eaten. The supple, stringy under bark was occasionally used for braiding and weaving various items. Both the arils and seeds provide sources of food for birds and small mammals. In the 1960s, a complex substance called Taxol was first extracted from the bark of Pacific yew. Showing promise in the treatment of certain cancers, clinical trials of Taxol with humans were conducted during the 1980s. Taxol has since been widely used as an anti-cancer drug. Use in medicine posed a threat to the future of the Pacific yew, as, in order to harvest enough bark for Taxol extraction, many trees must be cut down. Much work was done in an effort to produce synthetic Taxol in the laboratory, but due to the complexity of its chemical structure, efforts were only partially successful. The production of Taxotere (Docetaxel), a semisynthetic form of Taxol, uses a precursor compound from the needles of the European yew (Taxus baccata) as a starting point for synthesis in the lab. As leaves can be harvested without killing trees, this drug has a renewable source. Taxotere is currently used in chemotherapy for several types of cancer and has helped to save many lives. Just down the hill and back over the creek is a tree round.

19) Giant Sequoia or Sierra Bigtree This tree round is from a Giant Sequoia tree (Sequoiadendron giganteum). You can see a living tree of this species just uphill from the Pacific Yew (number 18). Giant sequoias grow in scattered areas on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada from 4,000-8,400 feet in elevation. The Giant Sequoia is the tree with the greatest volume in the world. The famous “General Sherman Tree” in Sequoia National Park, which is thought to be from 2,300-2,700 years old, is 275 feet tall with a circumference at ground level of 36.5 feet. In 2002 it was calculated that its trunk had a volume of about 1487 cubic meters. If you want to find out how old the tree from which this round came was when it fell, you will need to sit here for a long time and carefully count the annual tree rings. The tall living tree across the path from this round is a relative of the Giant Sequoia. This tree is a Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens). Coast Redwoods do not grow in the mountains but grow mostly below 2,000 feet in the coastal fog belt. See #9 for more information Continue down the path to the Pollination Garden. This engaging and colorful educational space is a microcosm of the Botanic Garden. Set in an arroyo shaded by ancient oaks, the Discovery Garden weaves educational materials into a sensitively designed landscape to create a fun, hands-on exhibit where visitors of all ages can experience the beauty of California native flora and fauna and discover their important ecological relationships.

20) Pollination Garden

The Pollination Garden is an exciting place where pollinators are attracted to a diversity of colorful flowering plants. Planted with many different species, the area is visited by butterflies, moths, hummingbirds, bees, beetles, and flies, most of which come in search of rewards such as nectar and pollen. Specific pollinators are attracted to flowers of particular colors, shapes, and sizes, with particular types of

markings and types of rewards. Explore the Pollination Garden and learn much about our native pollinators including the following: Hummingbirds are active during the day. They most often visit tubular flowers, or flowers with throats or spurs that contain abundant nectar. In general, birds have excellent eyesight and hover or perch when visiting flowers. They are attracted to bright primary colors, especially red. Bird-pollinated flowers usually lack scent. Moths, especially hawk moths, are important pollinators. They generally fly at night and are attracted by large pale colored (white or pale yellow) flowers with tubular throats that open at night. Moth-pollinated flowers often produce a strong, sweet scent in the evening. Flowers that attract moths are often closed during the day and open at dusk. Hawk moth pollinated flowers generally produce abundant nectar as these moths fly and hover rapidly (like hummingbirds) and therefore need a great deal of energy. Butterflies have excellent senses of smell and taste. They sense through their tongues, antennae, and feet. Their long tongues are used to reach hidden nectar. Butterfly-pollinated flowers or flower clusters are usually scented, large, and showy. Individual flowers often have deep throats and may be clustered into flat heads, that provide easy perches. Butterflies can see colors in the ultra-violet range. Butterfly-pollinated flowers are often blue, lavender, deep pink, or orange-red, and generally have nectar guides. After exploring the Discovery Garden, continue down hill to the Tea House.

21) Tea House and Garden One of the main purposes of a Japanese tea house is to create and maintain a sense of serenity. The feeling of being in and also at one with nature captures a universal sense of the unity of life and represents the underlying reason for the Japanese tea ceremony, the tea house, and the garden surrounding it. The tea house is one of Santa Barbara‟s rare treasures. It was originally built in 1949 by skilled craftsmen in Kyoto, and was then presented to Mr. Royce Greenwood. Dismantled and shipped to California, it was reassembled in a lemon grove at Hope Ranch, on the edge of Santa Barbara. From 1958 to 1998 it was owned and cared for by the John H. Esbenshade family, who, with the help of the Santa Barbara - Toba Sister City Organization, donated it to the Santa Barbara Botanic Garden. In keeping both with Japanese tradition and the naturalistic character of the Botanic Garden, the tea house is surrounded by a garden of natural beauty. The rocks present at our site along with California native plants, including a number of fine, mature trees and shrubs, form the basis of this tea garden. These preexisting elements were combined with new plantings and hardscape elements in a Japanese style. Most of the plants in the tea garden are California natives. A few “living fossil” species illustrate past connections and evolutionary relationships between the floras of Eastern Asia and western North America, especially California.

22) Manzanita Display The Manzanita Section featuring over thirty species of manzanita (Arctostaphylos), is located atop the low ridge that separates the Arroyo Section and Mission Creek. Manzanitas are noted for their gnarled branches, smooth red bark, and white to pink urn-shaped flowers. These traits, as well as drought tolerance and slope stabilizing ability, make manzanitas exceptional landscape plants from both an aesthetic and a practical standpoint. The habits of different manzanita species vary remarkably, from tiny prostrate shrubs to small trees. Surprisingly, may of the widely-grown prostrate Manzanitas have a very restricted distribution in their native habitats. The Little Sur manzanita (Arctostaphylos edmundsii) occurs strictly on ocean bluffs at the mouth of the Little Sur River in Monterey County, while Monterey manzanita (A. hookeri ssp. hookeri) is native only to

sand dunes and pine forests along the Monterey coast. Sonoma manzanita (A. densiflora) is confined to Vine Hill in Sonoma County. All of these species are considered rare and endangered in their native habitats and are protected by State and Federal legislation. In contrast, the bearberry manzanita (A. uva-ursa), which also has a spreading habit, is common in the cool-temperate portion of the entire northern hemisphere. An outstanding example of an aborescent manzanita is Arctostaphylos „Canyon Sparkles,‟ a cultivar of Island manzanita (A. insularis) that was selected and introduced into the nursery trade by the Santa Barbara Botanic Garden Other interesting plants in this section include associates of the manzanita from chaparral, woodlands, and montane habitats. The large big-cone-spruce (Pseudotsuga macrocarpa) in the center of the section displays the distinctive pendulous branchlets and unique cones of this southern California conifer. Also in this section is the one-needle Pinyon pine (Pinus monophylla) noted for its gray foliage and broad cones that produce delicious pine seeds. On the north side of the Tea House, take the path that leads up to the Manzanita Section.

23) Home Demonstration Garden A lovely garden surrounding an historic California cottage, the Home Demonstration Garden was designed by landscape architect Ron Lutsko to showcase the beauty and utility of California natives in the domestic landscape. This garden exhibits a variety of water-conserving species that can be used in a wide range of landscape applications: sunny mixed borders, the shady understory of mature oak trees, hedges, ground covers, lawn substitutes, and as seasonal color in decorative pots. The small scale and realistic setting of this garden make it relevant to today's home gardener. Plantings of Pacific Coast hybrid iris (Iris cultivars), coral bells (Heuchera), bush-anemone (Carpenteria californica), beardtongue (Penstemon), sage (Salvia), manzanita (Arctostaphylos), California lilac (Ceanothus), Catalina silver-lace (Eriophyllum nevinii), and ornamental grasses figure prominently in the design. A raised bed featuring cushion or mat-forming plants provides an intriguing display of natives for the trough or rock garden Continue left around the cottage and up the pathway until you reach the tall wooden pole.

24) Acorn Woodpecker Granary: A Larder for Countless Years This telephone pole has been used as a “granary” for acorn storage by acorn woodpeckers for many years. The telephone company installed a new metal pole and the old wooden one was preserved for our feathered friends. Acorns form the basic food of acorn woodpeckers, which also sometimes eat insects and sap from plants. Did you know that the woodpeckers “rotate their stock?” When acorns have been stored for a while, they shrink. The birds then move them to smaller holes. Acorn woodpeckers are important in the dispersal of acorns. As they collect and store acorns for future use, the birds sometimes drop them. If they land in moist, fertile soil, they may sprout and form new trees. Continue on to the Courtyard in front of the Blaksley Library.

25) The Blaksley Library: A Room for Scholars with a View The Blaksley Library building was designed by well-known architect Lutah Maria Riggs. Donated to the Garden by Mrs. Robert Woods Bliss in memory of her mother and the Garden‟s founder, Mrs. Anna

Dorinda Blaksley Bliss, the library was completed in 1942. The building is made of stucco with a lower story of native sandstone that was quarried from the building site. In 1950 the library received an architectural award from the Santa Barbara Plans and Planting Committee. The east wing was added in 1959 to house administrative activities and Garden records. The courtyard was designed by renowned landscape architect Beatrix Farrand. The hedges of lemonade berry (Rhus integrifolia) were planted in 1943. On each side of the library entrance are Santa Cruz Island ironwood trees.

26) The Santa Barbara County Tree: Santa Cruz Island Ironwood These are specimens of a very beautiful tree, the Santa Cruz Island ironwood (Lyonothamnus floribundus ssp. aspleniifolius). In 1935, this species, a member of the rose family, was adopted as the Santa Barbara County tree. It is also the logo plant of the Santa Barbara Botanic Garden. Fossil records indicate that this tree was widely distributed on the mainland of California between 6 and 16 million years ago, but it is now extinct here, and occurs in the wild only on San Clemente, Santa Cruz, and Santa Rosa islands. You may visit the Island Section across Mission Creek to see more of these beautiful plants. To the right of the entrance gate are several ironwood trees that were planted in 1928, just two years after the founding of the Garden.

GARDEN HOURS March - October: 9:00am - 6:00pm November - February: 9:00am - 5:00pm

GARDEN ETIQUETTE

Santa Barbara Botanic Garden

PHOTOGRAPHY Photography for personal (non-commercial) use is allowed. Professional Photography is by appointment only. Please see kiosk attendant for policies.

SEASONAL HIGHLIGHTS Spring is an adundant season with colorful flowers, butterflies, birds, and the fragrance of sage and other aromatic plants. March - Ceanothus, cool-season grasses, early wildflowers April - Iris, fremontia, monkeyflowers, coral bells, sages May - Matilija poppy, penstemons, sages Summer is a time to get out of the fog by the shore, or escape the summer heat by exploring the shady sections of the Garden. June - Sages, desert willow, Dudleyas July - Buckwheats, warm-season grasses, sunflowers August - Goldenrod, asters, California fuchsia

FOR YOUR COMFORT: • Wear sturdy walking shoes. • Pace yourself - benches are available throughout the Garden

Autumn is a time of transition. Migratory and resident birds abound, and sycamore and big-leaf maple trees present beautiful fall colors.

THE GARDEN IS AN ACCREDITED LIVING MUSEUM • Please do not pick or remove plants, or disturb wildlife. • Picnic only at picnic tables. • Stay on the paths. • Keep dogs on a leash and use mutt mitts provided near the Garden entrance. • Please use available trash and recycling bins.

September - Buckwheats, California fuchsia October - California buckeye, California roses, sycamore November - Manzanitas, big-leaf maple Winter is the wet season, and the Garden is a magical retreat from the hustle and bustle of the holidays. Toyons burst with red berries, wildflower seedlings carpet the ground, and manzanitas bloom.

SAFETY, PLEASE • Smoking is prohibited in the Garden - Mission Canyon is a high fire danger area. • Climbing trees & rocks, or walking in the creek is not permitted. • Bicycles are not allowed on paths. A bicycle rack is provided in the parking lot. You need you own lock. • Alcohol is not permitted.

December - Toyon berries, currants, gooseberries January - Manzanitas February - Ceanothus, early wildflowers, giant coreopsis

Garden Shop

Caution: Steps and paths may be slippery, and poison oak is common in the canyon areas.

The Garden Shop, featuring an extensive selection of crafts, nature-related books, and gift items for all ages, is open daily

PLEASE RECYCLE THIS MAP AT THE GARDEN ENTRANCE

March - October: 10:00am - 5:30pm November - February: 10:00am - 4:30pm

Garden Growers Nursery The nursery grows and sells California native plants. Open on a self-serve basis during Garden Shop hours & staffed by volunteers. 1212 Mission Canyon Road Santa Barbara, CA 93105 (805) 682-4726 www.sbbg.org

VISITORS MAP

NATIVE CALIFORNIA FLORA Arroyo Section - Plants from moist ravines, streamsides, and forests. Noteworthy conifers, such as giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) and Port Orford-cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana). Canyon Section - Streamside vegetation of lush, southern California riparian woodland. Dominant tree species include western sycamore (Plantanus racemosa) and white alder (Alnus rhombifolia). Ceanothus Section - Species of California lilac (Ceanothus) are found mainly in California. Blossoms range from cobalt blue to white. Desert Section - Spectacular species that thrive in the state’s coastal or interior desert regions, such as California fan palm (Washingtonia filifera), the only palm tree native to the state. Manzanita Section - Shrubs in the genus Arctostaphylos mainly found in California chaparral. Size varies from prostrate shrubs to small trees. Meadow Section - A representative California grassland, featuring bunchgrasses such as deergrass (Muhlenbergia rigens). Also, showy annuals, such as the California poppy (Eschscholzia californica). Redwood Section - Coast redwood trees (Sequoia sempervirens), the oldest planted in 1930, and associated species.

The Santa Barbara Botanic Garden fosters the conservation of California's native plants through our gardens, research and education, and serves as a role model of sustainable practices.

This map was produced using paper from well-managed forests, controlled sources, and recycled wooden fiber.

Mountains & Islands Tunnel Road

Cathedral Peak

Pritchett Trail

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S

3,333 ft. (1,016 m.)

La Cumbre Peak

3,985 ft. (1,215 m.) On a clear day, Santa Cruz Island can be seen from the upper Meadow Section and the Ceonothus Section.

Canyon Section

Easton-Aqueduct Trail

Canyon Trail Campbell Bridge (under construction)

re e

Paved Path

Restrooms

Natural Trail

Drinking Fountain

“Main Loop” 1 Mile

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Mission Dam Overlook

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Discovery Garden

Garden Entrance

Mission Dam & Aqueduct: Built in 1807 to supply water to the Santa Barbara Mission. The dam is both a State and County Historic Landmark. Discovery Garden: Weaves educational materials into a landscape where visitors can learn about our local ecology. Home Demonstration Garden: A small scale garden of water conserving native plants used in lawns, mixed borders, and in the shade of live oaks. Indian Steps: Thought to be the path taken by Native Americans who built the dam. Japanese Teahouse “Shinkanan” & Garden: Built in Kyoto in 1949 & set in a tea garden of California native plants, the teahouse is used for authentic chanoyu tea ceremony.

Mission Dam & Aqueduct

2

4

Arroyo Section

Garden Features

Campbell Trail

Desert Section

Home Demonstration Garden

Manzanita Section

0

Creek Trail

(use caution)

Japanese Teahouse “Shinkanan” & Garden

C ion

100

Feet

Redwood Section

Blaksley Boulder

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E

Picnic Area

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Mi s s Stone Creek Crossing

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The Santa Ynez Mountains are to the north of Santa Barbara and the Pacific Ocean is to the south. The two large peaks north of the Garden are:

Meadow Section

Ground Cover Display Dudleya Collection

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Indian Steps

Woodland Trail

Parking Area Mission Canyon Road Porter Trail

Ceanothus Section

Meadow View Terrace

Garden Visitor Services

1. Visitor Sevices Kiosk & Group Tour Area: Start here. 2. Exhibit Kiosk: Designed by Lockwood de Forest, III and built in 1937. Santa Barbara County Historical Landmark. 3. Garden Shop: Unique gifts, jewelry & botanical books. 4. Garden Growers Nursery: California native plants (retail). 5. Blaksley Library: Open for classes & events. Built in 1942 and dedicated to Garden founder Anna Dorinda Blaksley Bliss. 6. Arroyo Room: Open for classes & events (downstairs). 7. Caretaker’s Cottage: Executive offices. Built in 1926.

Garden Trails Campbell Trail: Plants found in chaparral plant communities. Canyon Trail & Creek Trail: Natural riparian and oak woodland along Mission Creek. Easton-Aqueduct Trail: Native chaparral and oak woodland, along a portion of the aqueduct system built in 1806-7. Porter Trail: Island & mountain views, fire recovery area. Pritchett Trail: Chaparral and oak woodland with ocean views. Woodland Trail: Natural oak woodland.