A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC Fifth Edition
Chapter 1
Introducing Hardware
You Will Learn… z
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That a computer requires both hardware and software to work About the many different hardware components inside and connected to a computer
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Hardware Needs Software to Work z
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Hardware
Physical components of a computer
Visible part of a system
Software
Set of instructions that directs hardware to accomplish a task The intelligence
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Functions of a Computer
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Binary Communication Between Hardware and Software
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Binary Number System
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PC Hardware Components z
Outside computer case: input/output devices
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Inside the case: processing and storage
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CPU – most important component
Requirements of a hardware device
Method for CPU to communicate with it
Software to instruct and control it
Electricity to power it
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Hardware Used for Input and Output z
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Connects to computer case by ports (eg, serial, parallel, USB, game, keyboard, mouse) Popular input devices:
Keyboard
Mouse
Popular output devices:
Monitor
Printer
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Ports
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Input Devices
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Output Devices
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Hardware Inside the Case
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Motherboard Components z
Processing
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CPU (most important) Chip set
RAM Cache memory
Electrical system
Power supply connections
Communication with other devices
Temporary storage
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Traces Expansion slots System clock
Programming/setup data
A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Flash ROM CMOS setup chip
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The Motherboard
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The Motherboard (continued)
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The CPU
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The Chip Set z
Controls most activities on the motherboard
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Includes several device controllers
USB controller
Memory controller
IDE controller
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The Chip Set (continued)
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Storage Devices z
Temporary (primary storage, or memory)
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Temporarily holds data and instructions while processing them Faster to access than permanent storage
Permanent (secondary storage)
Data and instructions must be copied into primary storage (RAM) for processing
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Primary and Secondary Storage
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Primary Storage Devices z
Memory, or RAM, located on motherboard and other circuit boards
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Volatile versus nonvolatile (or ROM) memory
Types of boards that hold memory chips
SIMMs
DIMMs
RIMMs
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RAM Chips
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Types of RAM Modules
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Secondary Storage Devices z
Hard drives
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CD-ROM drives
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DVD drives
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Zip drives
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Floppy drives
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Hard Drive
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EIDE Technology z
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Used by most hard drives, CD-ROM drives, and DVD drives Can accommodate up to four EIDE devices on one system
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IDE Connectors on a Motherboard
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IDE Connectors on a Motherboard (continued)
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IDE Connectors on a Motherboard
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Hard Drive’s Power Supply
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Floppy Drive Connection
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Floppy Drive Connection (continued)
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CD-ROM Drive Connection
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Motherboard Components Used for Communication Among Devices z
The data bus
System of pathways used for communication and the protocol and methods used for transmission
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The Bus and Bus Lines
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Data Bus
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System Clock
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Clock Speed z
Of motherboard
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Measured in megahertz (MHz)
Of CPU
Measured in gigahertz (GHz)
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Expansion Slots
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Types of Expansion Slots
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Interface (Expansion) Cards
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Interface (Expansion) Cards (continued)
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The Electrical System z
Power supply
Most important component of computer’s electrical system Converts/reduces electricity to voltage the computer can handle Runs a fan directly from electrical output voltage to cool inside of computer case
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The Electrical System (continued)
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The Electrical System (continued)
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Instructions Stored on the Motherboard z
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ROM BIOS (most are flash ROM)
System BIOS
Startup BIOS
CMOS setup
Motherboard BIOS supports ACPI, APM, and Plug and Play technologies
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ROM BIOS Chip
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Motherboard Configuration Settings z
CMOS chip
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Stores setup (configuration) information Powered by a battery on motherboard when power is off
Setup information can also be set by jumpers and DIP switches
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CMOS Configuration Chip
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Setting Jumpers
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Using DIP Switches
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Summary z
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Introduction to hardware components of a computer system Initial insight into how hardware works
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