A Cognitive Antenna for Wireless Applications 330 East Liberty, Lower Level, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 Ph: 734.846.2550, Fx: 734.661.0159 [email protected] http://www.monarchantenna.com

Tayfun Özdemir, Ph.D. Chief Technology Officer

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Technology

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Technology Self-Structuring Antenna (SSA) Conventional Antenna

SSA

RF Switches Antenna aperture configured dynamically by closing and opening of switches.

Device

Device

Genetic Algorithm

Feedback Signal 3

Technology “PATTERN SHAPING”

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Technology “PATTERN SHAPING”

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Technology “PATTERN SHAPING”

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Technology “FREQUENCY TUNING”

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Technology “FREQUENCY TUNING”

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Technology “FREQUENCY TUNING”

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Technology “SELF-HEALING”

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Technology “SELF-HEALING”

Part of the antenna structure is damaged

Gain drops drastically

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s11 Antenna detunes f

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Technology “SELF-HEALING”

Rest of the aperture is reconfigured

Gain recovers

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s11 Almost in tune f

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Technology

FEATURES

BENEFITS

Pattern shaping

Adaptive Beam and Null Steering

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Technology

FEATURES

BENEFITS

Pattern shaping

Adaptive Beam and Null Steering

Frequency Tuning

Dynamic Compensation for Frequency Detuning & Packaging Effects

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Technology

FEATURES

BENEFITS

Pattern shaping

Adaptive Beam and Null Steering

Frequency Tuning

Dynamic Compensation for Frequency Detuning & Packaging Effects

Self-Healing

Graceful Degradation

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Market

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Market Wide-Band: Quad-band Phones (multiple frequencies) Media-capable Phone (high data rate)

Narrow Band: 802.11 (WLAN) Wi-Fi 802.15 (PAN) Bluetooth Zigbee 802.16 (WMAN) Wi-Max Cellular Broadband 3G / EDGE / GPRS / EVDO / UMTS / IDEN Cellular Voice GSM, CDMA, TDMA

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Consumer Market Laptop & Router

SSA Benefits: Greater Customer Satisfaction

Zigbee

Cell Phone & PDA

Automotive

HDTV

• Faster Downloads

• Fewer Dropped Calls

• Smaller Dead Spots

• Richer Content

• Longer Battery Life

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Defense Market Air

Sea

Land

Weapon

SSA Benefits: • Reliable RF Link in Dynamic Environments • Multiplexing • Faster Data Transfer for Video and Infrared • Graceful Degradation in Hostile Environments

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Technology Solutions

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Handset Antenna

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Handset Antenna

Consumer Demands

Range

Capacity

Cross-Platform Compatibility

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Handset Antenna

Consumer Demands

OEM’s Solution

Range

Capacity

Cross-Platform Compatibility

MIMO

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Handset Antenna

Consumer Demands

OEM’s Solution

Range

Capacity

MIMO

Cross-Platform Compatibility

Multi-Band

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Handset Antenna

Consumer Demands

OEM’s Solution

Implementation Challenges

Range

Capacity

MIMO

Cross-Platform Compatibility

Multi-Band

Space Crunch

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Handset Antenna

Consumer Demands

OEM’s Solution

Implementation Challenges

Range

Capacity

MIMO

Cross-Platform Compatibility

Multi-Band

Space Crunch

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Handset Antenna

Consumer Demands

OEM’s Solution

Implementation Challenges

Range

Capacity

MIMO

Space Crunch

Cross-Platform Compatibility

Multi-Band

Low Gain

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Handset Antenna

Consumer Demands

OEM’s Solution

Range

Capacity

Cross-Platform Compatibility

MIMO

Implementation Challenges

Space Crunch

Inherent Problems

Detuning

Multi-Band

Low Gain

Interference

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Handset Antenna

Consumer Demands

OEM’s Solution

Range

Capacity

Cross-Platform Compatibility

MIMO

Implementation Challenges

Space Crunch

Inherent Problems

Detuning

Multi-Band

Low Gain

Interference

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Handset Antenna

Consumer Demands

Range

Capacity

Cross-Platform Compatibility

MIMO

OEM’s Solution

Multi-Band

Implementation Challenges

Space Crunch

Inherent Problems

Detuning

Solution:

Low Gain

Interference

“Self-Structuring Antenna (SSA)” 30

MIMO Multiple Antenna Solution 8cm ∼λ/2 18cm – 6cm (850MHz - 2.4Gz)

NOT ENOUGH SPACE! (Space Crunch) 31

MIMO

Multiple “Beams” by SSA

• Each Beam Provides a “Statistically Independent” Sample of the Signal Space to the MIMO Algorithm • Small enough to fit into the handset • Large enough to provide multiple beams 32

Multi-Band •Voice/Data (850, 900, 1800, 1900) •Bluetooth, WiFi (2400) •GPS (1300,1600)

8cm Multiple Antennas

NOT ENOUGH SPACE! (Space Crunch) 33

Multi-Band •Voice/Data (850, 900, 1800, 1900) •Bluetooth, WiFi (2400) •GPS (1300,1600)

Simultaneous Multi-Band (Single Antenna) s11

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ANTENNA EFFICIENCY LOW FOR EACH BAND. Hence Low Gain.

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Multi-Band •Voice/Data (850, 900, 1800, 1900) •Bluetooth, WiFi (2400) •GPS (1300,1600)

“Instantaneous” Multi-Band (Frequency Tunable)

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ANTENNA EFFICIENCY HIGH FOR EACH BAND. Hence High Gain.

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Multi-Band •Voice/Data (850, 900, 1800, 1900) •Bluetooth, WiFi (2400) •GPS (1300,1600)

“Instantaneous” Multi-Band (Frequency Tunable)

s11

f

ANTENNA EFFICIENCY HIGH FOR EACH BAND. Hence High Gain.

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Multi-Band •Voice/Data (850, 900, 1800, 1900) •Bluetooth, WiFi (2400) •GPS (1300,1600)

“Instantaneous” Multi-Band (Frequency Tunable)

s11

f

ANTENNA EFFICIENCY HIGH FOR EACH BAND. Hence High Gain.

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Multi-Band •Voice/Data (850, 900, 1800, 1900) •Bluetooth, WiFi (2400) •GPS (1300,1600)

“Instantaneous” Multi-Band by SSA (Frequency Tunable) 850 900 1300 1600 1800 1900 2400

Time-Division Multiplexing …

… (Multiple Radios) 38

Multi-Band •Voice/Data (850, 900, 1800, 1900) •Bluetooth, WiFi (2400) •GPS (1300,1600)

Why does SSA take less space? Common aperture serving multiple radios

Dedicated antenna for each radio.

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Adaptive Beamforming Direction of Interference (Low Gain) Direction of Signal (High Gain)

High Gain, Low Interference

(Demonstrated with the TV Antenna in 2002) 40

Frequency Detuning Conventional (Passive) Antenna

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Any object near ¼ of wavelength is part of the antenna and will alter the near field -> Detunes the antenna. f

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Frequency Detuning Conventional (Passive) Antenna -> Detunes due to near field loading

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Any object near ¼ of wavelength is part of the antenna and will alter the near field -> Detunes the antenna. f

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Frequency Detuning SSA

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Frequency Detuning SSA also -> Detunes due to near field loading

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Self-Structuring Antenna also detunes in the beginning.

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Frequency Detuning SSA also -> But able to compensate

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Compensates by altering its aperture.

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Prototypes

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Prototype Pipeline TV 2002 Automotive FM

2005

PAST 47

Prototype Pipeline TV 2002 Automotive FM

Laptop Wi-Fi 2005

NASA ZigBee

2007 -2009 2008 -2011

PAST

2008 -2009

PRESENT 48

Prototype Pipeline TV 2002 Automotive FM

Laptop Wi-Fi 2005

NASA ZigBee

2007 -2009

Routers 2008 -2011

PAST

Cell Phone

WiMax

2008 -2009

PRESENT

FUTURE 49

TV & Automotive

TV (50-800MHz)

2002

Automotive FM

2005

(88-108MHz)

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TV

90 optimized at every angle optimized at zero deg

16” x 22”

0

50-800 MHz 32 Switches Edge Type 2 template 400 MHz horizontal polarization

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TV Smart Antenna Standards are finally here! CEA-909-A (Design, 12/07) CEA-774-A (Measurement, 4/08) RF SMART ANTENNA

TV Set Feedback (CAE-909-A)

Why Smart Antenna? Move to Digital Broadcast in 2009 Rabbit Ears won’t cut it for Over the Air Broadcast 52

TV First Movers • Sony and Hitachi made their proprietary I/O designs available w.r.t. CEA-909-A. • Antennas Direct, outdoor "electronically steered" antenna • RCA ANT2000 (Oct’08) • GE Smart Digital Antenna (Dec’08).

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TV

Pursuing OEMs (Sony, Hitachi, etc…)

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Automotive FM

Self-Structuring Antenna

Rear Window Frame

Antenna Feed

Heater Grid

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Automotive FM VSWR 4 First Configuration Second Configuration

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1 88

90

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102

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106

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Frequency (MHz)

Optimized over the entire FM Band (Simultaneous Multi-Band) 56

Automotive FM 2 1.9 1.8

VSWR

1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1 88

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96

100

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Frequency (MHz)

Optimized over each Frequency (Instantaneous Multi-Band, Frequency Tunable) 57

Automotive FM

Prototype successfully demonstrated at Delphi in 2005

*** Currently not pursued ***

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GEN 1 and GEN 2 Antennas GEN 1

Polarization Diversity (Sep’07)

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GEN 1 and GEN 2 Antennas GEN 1

Polarization Diversity (Apr’07)

Laptop WiFi Demo 60

GEN 1 and GEN 2 Antennas GEN 1

Polarization Diversity (Apr’07)

Laptop WiFi Demo ZigBee Customer #1 (Aug’08)

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GEN 1 and GEN 2 Antennas GEN 1

GEN 2

Polarization Diversity

Beam Switching

(Apr’07)

(Sep’08)

Laptop WiFi Demo ZigBee Customer #1 (Aug’08)

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GEN 1 and GEN 2 Antennas GEN 1

GEN 2

Polarization Diversity

Beam Switching

(Apr’07)

(Sep’08)

Laptop WiFi Demo

Laptop WiFi Demo

ZigBee Customer #1 (Aug’08)

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GEN 1 and GEN 2 Antennas GEN 1

GEN 2

Polarization Diversity

Beam Switching

(Apr’07)

(Sep’08)

Laptop WiFi Demo

Laptop WiFi Demo

ZigBee Customer

ZigBee Prospect

(Aug’08)

(Jun’08)

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ZigBee (GEN 1) Advanced Metering Applied Mesh Technologies, LLC (Atlanta, GA)

(DCX)

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ZigBee (GEN 1) Advanced Metering Each meter individually connects to the cell tower

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ZigBee (GEN 1) Advanced Metering Meters network with each other and one meter connects to the cell tower.

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ZigBee (GEN 1) Advanced Metering

Monarch’s GEN 1

VS.

Laird’s Nanoblade

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ZigBee (GEN 1) Advanced Metering

Monarch’s GEN 1

VS.

Laird’s Nanoblade

Better Performance (Polarization Diversity) 69

ZigBee (GEN 1) Advanced Metering GEN 1 allows for arbitrary orientation

V-Pol

H-Pol

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ZigBee (GEN 1) Advanced Metering GEN 1 allows for arbitrary orientation

V-Pol

V-Pol (Antenna flips its polarization)

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WiFi (GEN 2)

Laptop Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz)

Please visit Monarch booth for a demo. 72

NASA Lunar Wireless Mesh Network (2008) – WMAN, 802.16e LRS LRS LRS

Lunar Base Station

10 km link

LCT

Green Team MANET

200m Hab

Fixed Wireless Network

Lunar way station

Fixed Base

10 km link

Mobile wireless link (10 km, 802.16e) Q-band link Fixed wireless link (10 km, 802.11n)

Blue Team MANET

Ka / S-band link Personal area sensor net (Zigbee)

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NASA Lunar Wireless Mesh Network (2008) – WMAN, 802.16e LRS LRS Lunar Relay Satellite (LRS)

S S S

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NASA PCB or E-Textile SSA

Body Wearable Wraparound Belt

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NASA Suit-To-Suit (WMAN, 802.16e)

SSA

SSA SSA

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NASA Suit-To-Rover (MIMO)

1

SSA

1

2 2

MIMO Matrix

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Company

Equity Partners 1.

Delphi Technologies, Inc.

2.

Michigan State University

3.

Automation Alley

HQ: SPARK Ann Arbor, Michigan

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Company - Strategy

• Fabless technology company • Strong IP • Dual-use (from Military to Consumer) • Product Differentiation for OEM: “Monarch Enabled”

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Contact Tayfun Özdemir, Ph.D. Chief Technology Officer

Monarch Antenna, Inc. 330 East Liberty, Lower Level Ann Arbor, MI 48104 Ph: 734.846.2550 Fx: 734.661.0159 [email protected] http://www.monarchantenna.com

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