A Coal Mine Safety System using Wireless Sensor Network

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING STUDIES Volume II/Issue 1/JAN2014 A Coal Mine Safety System using Wireless Sensor Network Vijaya K...
Author: Norman Harris
2 downloads 0 Views 1MB Size
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING STUDIES

Volume II/Issue 1/JAN2014

A Coal Mine Safety System using Wireless Sensor Network Vijaya Kumari Doddi 1, N.Anuradha 2 1

M.Tech Student, Dept of ECE, Nova College of Engineering & Technology for Women, Jupudi village, Ibrahimpatnam mandal, Krishna Dist, A.P, India 2

Assistant Professor, Dept of ECE, Nova College of Engineering & Technology for Women, Jupudi village, Ibrahimpatnam mandal, Krishna Dist, A.P, India

Abstract-This paper designs a monitoring system for coal mine safety based on ZIGBEE wireless sensor network. In this project there are two sections. The first section is underground section and another section is ground section. In underground section the sensors will senseMore >>sensesessssssss the environment conditions such as temperature, humidity, gas etc.., and this information is send to the micro controller. Micro controller displays this information in the LCD and sends through ZIGBEE transmitter. In ground section ZIGBEE receiver take that information and send to the controller and controller sends the information to GSM modem and as well as displaying on the LCD. Here GSM modem sends the message to mobile when the sensors exits there threshold level. If we want to send this information to underground section we can press the switch in ground section at that time buzzer will indicate in underground section. Key words: GSM, ZIGBEE Wireless technology, sensors. I. Introduction The existing monitoring systems underground of coal mine mostly use cable network. This kind of network has poor performance of expansion. The cables are easy to aging and wear, and have high incidence of failures. With the working surface expanded, a blind area for monitoring appears, and then the new cost for installation and maintenance is needed. When an accident happened, especially explosion, the sensors and cables usually were damaged fatally, and couldn't provide information for rescue search and detection events [1]. Wireless sensor network can solve the key issues of communication bandwidth, mobile data transmission, staff orientation, working surface realtime monitoring, synchronization monitoring and so

IJPRES

on. This article designs a monitoring system based on ZIGBEE technology to build wireless sensor network. The sensor nodes will send the collected data to an embedded network controller based on ARM kernel through multi-hop method. And then the controller receives the data and sends them to the ground PC by the conversion of ZIGBEE protocol GSM modem and as well as displaying on the LCD. Here GSM modem sends the message to mobile when the sensors exits there threshold level. If we want to send this information to underground section we can press the switch in ground section at that time buzzer will indicate in underground section. II. Design of Proposed Hardware System Compared with the current wireless technology, ZIGBEE is more suitable for data collection. ZIGBEE is a new wireless network technology with short range and low rate. It is a technology between labeling technology and Bluetooth, and the cost is much lower than Bluetooth. It has its own standards. The sensors sent the data to computer by multi-hop method, and the communication efficiency is very high. The system can be divided into monitoring management layer, underground data collection and transmission layer according to the location. Underground data collection and transmission layer can be divided into the ZIGBEE data collection network and information receiving and processing terminal. In this project there are two sections. The first section is underground section and another section is ground section. In underground section the sensors will senseMore >>sensesessssssss the environment conditions such as temperature, humidity, gas etc.., and this information is send to the micro controller. Micro controller displays this information in the LCD and sends through Zigbee transmitter.

1

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING STUDIES

Fig.1.Under ground section

Fig.2.Groung section

In ground section zigbee receiver take that information and send to the controller and controller sends the information to GSM modem and as well as displaying on the LCD. Here GSM modem sends the message to mobile when the sensors exits there threshold level. If we want to send this information to underground section we can press the switch in ground section at that time buzzer will indicate in underground section. III. Board Hardware Resources Features ZIGBEE Technology ZIGBEE is a new wireless technology guided by the IEEE 802.15.4 Personal Area Networks standard. It is primarily designed for the wide ranging automation applications and to replace the existing non-standard technologies. It currently operates in the 868MHz band at a data rate of 20Kbps in Europe, 914MHz band at 40Kbps in the USA, and the 2.4GHz ISM bands Worldwide at a maximum data-rate of 250Kbps.The ZIGBEE specification is a combination of Home RF Late and the 802.15.4 specification. The

IJPRES

Volume II/Issue 1/JAN2014

specification operates in the 2.4GHz (ISM) radio band - the same band as 802.11b standard, Bluetooth, microwaves and some other devices. It is capable of connecting 255 devices per network. The specification supports data transmission rates of up to 250 Kbps at a range of up to 30 meters. ZIGBEE's technology is slower than 802.11b (11 Mbps) and Bluetooth (1 Mbps) but it consumes significantly less power. 802.15.4 (ZIGBEE) is a new standard uniquely designed for low rate wireless personal area networks. It targets low data rate, low power consumption and low cost wireless networking, and its goal is to provide a physical-layer and MAC-layer standard for such networks. Wireless networks provide advantages in deployment, cost, size and distributed intelligence when compared with wired networks. This technology allows users to set up a network quickly, and allows them to set up networks where it is impossible or inconvenient to wire cables. Wireless networks are more cost-efficient than wired networks in general. Bluetooth (802.15.1) was the first wellknown wireless standard facing low data rate applications. The effort of Bluetooth to cover more applications and provide quality of service has led to its deviation from the design goal of simplicity, which makes it expensive and inappropriate for some simple applications requiring low cost and low power consumption. These are the kind of applications this new standard is focused on. It's relevant to compare here Bluetooth and ZIGBEE, as they are sometimes seen as competitors, to show their differences and to clarify for which applications suits each of them. The data transfer capabilities are much higher in Bluetooth, which is capable of transmitting audio, graphics and pictures over small networks, and also appropriate for file transfers. ZIGBEE, on the other hand, is better suited for transmitting smaller packets over large networks; mostly static networks with many, infrequently used devices, like home automation, toys, remote controls, etc. While the performance of a Bluetooth network drops when more than 8 devices are present, ZIGBEE networks can handle 65000+ devices. Temperature Sensor - The LM35 The LM35 is an integrated circuit sensor that can be used to measure temperature with an electrical output proportional to the temperature (in oC) The LM35 - An Integrated Circuit Temperature Sensor

2

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING STUDIES



You can measure temperature accurately than a using a thermistor.



The sensor circuitry is sealed and not subject to oxidation, etc.



The LM35 generates a higher output voltage than thermocouples and may not require that the output voltage be amplified.

more

Volume II/Issue 1/JAN2014

4.

Another important characteristic of the LM35DZ is that it draws only 60 micro amps from its supply and possesses a low self-heating capability. The sensor selfheating causes less than 0.1 oC temperature rise in still air.

The LM35 comes in many different packages, including the following. 

TO-92 plastic transistor-like package,



T0-46 metal can transistor-like package



8-lead surface mount SO-8 small outline package



TO-202 package. (Shown in the picture above)

CO SENSOR: Product Description

Fig.3.Pin diagram of X-Bee Transceiver

They are used in gas leakage detecting equipments in family and industry, are suitable for detecting of LPG, i-butane, propane, methane, alcohol, Hydrogen, smoke.

Fig.5. CO Sensor Fig.4. Temperature sensor

Working of LM35:

Advantages 

Voltage output

1.

It has an output voltage that is proportional to the Celsius temperature.



High sensitivity

2.

The scale factor is .01V/oC



Long stability

3.

The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming and maintains an accuracy of +/-0.4 oC at room temperature and +/- 0.8 oC over a range of 0 oC to +100 o C.



Good selectivity



Effective technical service

IJPRES

3

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING STUDIES

Volume II/Issue 1/JAN2014

IV. OPERATION PRINCIPLE:

a.

Connect the sensor to the application circuit.

The surface resistance of the sensor Rs is obtained through effected voltage signal output of the load resistance RL which series-wound. The relationship between them is described:

b.

Turn on the power; keep preheating through electricity over 48 hours.

c.

Adjust the load resistance RL until you get a signal value which is respond to a certain carbon monoxide concentration at the end point of 90 seconds.

d.

Adjust the another load resistance RL until you get a signal value which is respond to a CO concentration at the end point of 60 seconds .

Rs\RL = (Vc-VRL) / VRL Fig. 5 shows alterable situation of RL signal output measured by using Fig. 2 circuit output signal when the sensor is shifted from clean air to carbon monoxide (CO) , output signal measurement is made within one or two complete heating period (2.5 minute from high voltage to low voltage ).

Humidity sensor: Humidity [7] is the amount of water vapor in the air. In daily language the term "humidity" is normally taken to mean relative humidity. Relative humidity is defined as the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor in a parcel of air to the saturated vapor pressure of water vapor at a prescribed temperature. Humidity may also be expressed as absolute humidity and specific humidity. Relative humidity is an important metric used in forecasting weather. Humidity indicates the likelihood of precipitation, dew, or fog. High humidity makes people feel hotter outside in the summer because it reduces the effectiveness of sweating to cool the body by preventing the evaporation of perspiration from the skin. Product name: macromolecule Humid resistance sensor (GY-HR10X), it’s a new kind of humid resistance sensor, it has wide range of humidity, fast respond, high-sensitivity, stable and reliable performance, consistency characteristics.

Sensitive layer of MQ-7 gas sensitive components is made of SnO2 with stability, So, it has excellent long term stability. Its service life can reach 5 years under using condition. SENSITVITY ADJUSTMENT Resistance value of MQ-7 is difference to various kinds and various concentration gases. So, when using these components, sensitivity adjustment is very necessary. we recommend that you calibrate the detector for 200ppm CO in air and use value of Load resistance that( RL) about 10 KΩ(5KΩ to 47 KΩ). When accurately measuring, the proper alarm point for the gas detector should be determined after considering the temperature and humidity influence. The sensitivity adjusting program:

IJPRES

Fig.6. Humidity sensor

4

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING STUDIES

GSM Module GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) is a digital mobile telephone system that is widely used in many parts of the world. The mobile communications has become one of the driving forces of the digital revolution. Every day, millions of people are making phone calls by pressing a few buttons. Little is known about how one person's voice reaches the other person's phone that is thousands of miles away. Even less is known about the security measures and protection behind the system. The complexity of the cell phone is increasing as people begin sending text messages and digital pictures to their friends and family. The cell phone is slowly turning into a handheld computer. All the features and advancements in cell phone technology require a backbone to support it. The system has to provide security and the capability for growth to accommodate future enhancements. General System for Mobile Communications, GSM, is one of the many solutions out there. GSM has been dubbed the "Wireless Revolution" and it doesn't take much to realize why GSM provides a secure and confidential method of communication. GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) is a digital mobile telephone system that is widely used in many parts of the world. GSM uses a variation of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and is the most widely used of the three digital wireless telephone technologies (TDMA, GSM, and CDMA). GSM digitizes and compresses data, then sends it down a channel with two other streams of user data, each in its own time slot. GSM operates in the 900MHz, 1800MHz, or 1900 MHz frequency bands. GSM has been the backbone of the phenomenal success in mobile telecoms over the last decade. Now, at the dawn of the era of true broadband services, GSM continues to evolve to meet new demands. One of GSM's great strengths is its international roaming capability, giving consumers a seamless service. This has been a vital driver in growth, with around 300 million. In the Americas, today's 7 million subscribers are set to grow rapidly, with market potential of 500 million in population, due to the introduction of GSM 800, which allows operators using the 800 MHz band to have access to GSM technology too. GSM together with other technologies is part of an evolution of wireless mobile telecommunication that includes High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data (HCSD), General Packet Radio System (GPRS), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), and Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service (UMTS). GSM

IJPRES

Volume II/Issue 1/JAN2014

security issues such as theft of service, privacy, and legal interception continue to raise significant interest in the GSM community. The purpose of this portal is to raise awareness of these issues with GSM security. The mobile communications has become one of the driving forces of the digital revolution. Every day, millions of people are making phone calls by pressing a few buttons. Little is known about how one person's voice reaches the other person's phone that is thousands of miles away. Even less is known about the security measures and protection behind the system. The complexity of the cell phone is increasing as people begin sending text messages and digital pictures to their friends and family. The cell phone is slowly turning into a handheld computer. All the features and advancements in cell phone technology require a backbone to support it. The system has to provide security and the capability for growth to accommodate future enhancements. General System for Mobile Communications, GSM, is one of the many solutions out there. GSM has been dubbed the "Wireless Revolution" and it doesn't take much to realize why GSM provides a secure and confidential method of communication.

Fig.7. General architecture of a GSM network

V. CONCLUSION The application of wireless sensor network will improve the safety of coal mine. The main advantages are as follows: (1)The wirelesses are more flexible and can avoid the trouble of rewiring, because wireless network can meet the moving and changing of topology [1]. (2) It will greatly improve the performance and efficiency of data transmission of the coal mine safety system, and reduce the costs of extending the system. (3) In wireless sensor network, the old master-slave network can be transformed into the network without

5

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING STUDIES

Volume II/Issue 1/JAN2014

master to enhance the whole performance and stability of the existing sensor networks [3]. (4) The application of WSN can realize the real-time monitoring of working region.

REFERENCES

[1] Yang Wei, Huang Ying. Wireless Sensor Network Based Coal Mine Wireless and Integrated Security Monitoring Information System. Networking, ICN '07 Sixth International Conference, 22-28 April, [2] Zigbee0Aliance Website http://wwwzigbe.org Xiaodong Wang, Xiaoguang Zhao, Zize Liang, Min Tan. Deploying a Wireless SensorNetwork on the Coal Mines. Networking, Sensing and Control, 2007 IEEE International Conference on 15-17 April 2007: 324328 [3] Mo Li, Yunhao Liu. Underground Structure Monitoring with Wireless Sensor Networks. Information Processing in Sensor Networks, 2007. IPSN 2007. 6th International Symposium on25-27 April 2007: 69- 78 [4] PIC18F2525/2620/4525/4620 http://www.microchip.com [5] Microchip Stack for the Zigbee Protocol. http://www.microchip.com [6] Guo Yongling, Wang Qianping, Huang Hai, Tan Wei, Zhang, Guoxia. VIJAYA KUMARI DODDI, pursuing her M.tech in Embedded Systems from Nova College of Engineering & Technology for Women, Jupudi villaga, Ibrahimpatnam mandal, Krishna Dist, A.P, India. Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, and is approved by AICTE Delhi. N.ANURADHA, her Qualification is M.tech, currently working as an Associate Professor, in the Department of Electronics and communication Engineering, Nova College of Engineering & Technology for Women, Jupudi village, Ibrahimpatnam mandal, Krishna Dist, A.P, India. Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, and is approved by AICTE Delhi.

IJPRES

6

Suggest Documents