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8E Atoms and Elements How many different materials are there? 8E1
Survey of materials
8E2
Mixture or pure substance?
8E3
Is water an element?
8E4
What's in a potato?
8E5
Is wood an element? What are elements made from?
8E6
Elements: Only one type of atom What are elements like?
8E7
The periodic table: First three rows: Colouring atoms
8E8
The periodic table: First three rows: Properties and uses
8E9
Element bingo
8E10
Element dominoes
8E11
Chemical signs (elements)
8E12
Element card games
8E13
Is this substance an element?
8E14
Characteristics of Sulphur How do we get all the other materials?
8E15
Molecules: the gases of the atmosphere
8E16
Making molecules using Lego bricks
8E17
Building compounds using Lego bricks
8E18
Properties of Carbon Dioxide
8E19
Grouping elements compounds and molecules
8E20
Sorting substances using Venn diagrams How can we represent the changes when new materials are made?
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8E21
Reactions between elements: Iron and Sulphur
8E22
Reactions between elements: Zinc and Sulphur
8E23
Reactions between elements: Hydrogen and Oxygen
8E24
Make an electrolysis bath
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8E Equipment list Chemicals
Specialised Equipment
Household materials
Copper Carbonate Hydrochloric acid 0.5M
Beaker 250 ml Beaker 250 ml
Baking powder Birthday cake candles
Iron filings Lime water Magnesium ribbon
Bung cork for 16 mm test tube Bung cork for 19 mm test tube Bung/ hole
Chalk Collection of pencils Lego bricks large collection
Sodium Sulphate Sulphur
Bunsen burner Crucible nickel
Plasticene Potato
Zinc dust
Electrolysis equipment Electronic balance
Transparent plastic cups Turmeric
Evaporation dish Fume cupboard Gauze
Vinegar
Plastic tubing/connectors Power supply low voltage Sand tray Spatula Test tube 12 mm Test tube 16 mm Test tube 19 mm Test tube holder Test tube rack Tripod stand Tubing plastic 6 mm hole Wooden splints
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8E1 Survey of materials (concept map) Retort stand set IWB
100 ml beaker Beaker 100 ml
Beaker 250 ml
Test tube 19 mm
Test tube rack
Test tube rack
Test tube rack
Materials
Pure substances
Elements
Simplest form of a substance
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Mixtures
Compounds
More than one element joined together chemically
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8E2 Mixture or pure substance? Retort Print and stand photcopy set table 100 ml Beaker on beaker the 100 following ml Beaker page 250 ml
1 2 3 4 5
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Test tube 19 mm
Test tube rack
Test tube rack
Test tube rack
Using the table on the following page ask them to make a list of the substances that surround them in the science laboratory (visible or invisible). Using the concept map (previous page) explain to the students that everything around them can be classified as: a) A Pure substance b) A Mixture Get them to identify which are mixtures and which are pure.
Once they have identified the pure substances explain that these are either elements or compounds. Get the pupils to see if they can identify the elements and compounds on their list.
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8E2 Mixture or pure substance? Substance
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Mixture
Pure
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Element
Compound
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8E3 Is water an element? Retortsupply Power stand low set voltage 100 ml beaker Beaker Test 100 ml tube Beaker 16 mm x2 250 mlSodium Test Sulphate tube 19 mmElectrolysis Test tube equipment rack (see Testexpt tube8E24) rack
1
2
Prepare a solution of Sodium Sulphate in an electrolysis bath (see expt 8E24).
3
Test Cables/clips tube rack
Fill two test tubes with water and place them over each electrode.
Connect to a low voltage d.c. power supply and pass a current through the apparatus.
Hydrogen Oxygen Make sure that the water level covers the electrodes
!
Use a low voltage power supply.
Sodium Sulphate
Describe the substances obtained at the electrodes: -ve electrode:……………………………………………
+ve electrode:……………………………………………
What happens when you increase the current flowing in the circuit?………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Once the test tube at the negative electrode has been filled with gas test its contents by placing a lighted splint in its mouth (see experiment 7F10). Describe what happens:…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… What is the name of the gas?……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… What is the name of the gas formed at the positive electrode?…………………………………………………………………………………………
How does this experiment demonstrate that water is not an element? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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8E4 What's in a potato? Retort stand Beaker 250 mlset Plastic 100 ml Beaker tubing/connectors beaker 100 ml Beaker 250 T/tube ml 19Test mm tube Bung/ 19 mm hole Test Potato tube rack Fume Test cupboard tube rack B/burner Test tube rack
!
1
Use safety goggles. Ventilate room. Best in a fume cupboard.
Heat the potato slowly and observe the substances that are collected in the plastic tube.
Potato
2
Examine and describe the substance you are left with in the test tube.
What appears initially at the top of the test tube where the glass is colder? …………………………………… As the experiment progresses a substance called Alcatran starts to appear on the upper part of the test tube and in the delivery tube. Describe Alcatran:………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… At the end of the experiment a black residue is left in the test tube. This is an element. What is it called? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Does the potato burn in this experiment? …………………………
Explain your answer:………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… We know that “potato” does not appear on the periodic table. How does this experiment show that potato is not an element? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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8E5 Is wood an element? Table salt Retort Beaker stand 250mlset Vinegar Plastic 100 ml Beaker tubing/connectors Paper beaker 100towel ml Beaker Test 250 tube Paper ml 19towel mmTestOld tube T/tube19 coins 19 mmmm Spatula Test Bung/ tube hole rack Splint Test tube Fume rack cupboard Test tube B/burner rack
!
1
Use safety goggles. Ventilate the room. Best in a fume cupboard.
Heat a piece of wood (a splint, for example) in a test tube for a few minutes. Take note of any substances that appear on the test tube or delivery tube during the experiment.
pieces of wood (splints)
2
Examine and describe the substance you are left with in the test tube.
What appears initially at the top of the test tube where the glass is colder? …………………………………… As the experiment progresses a substance called Alcatran starts to appear on the upper part of the test tube and in the delivery tube. Describe Alcatran:………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… At the end of the experiment a black residue is left in the test tube. This is an element. What is it called? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Does the wood burn in this experiment? …………………………
Explain your answer:………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… We know that “wood” does not appear on the periodic table. How does this experiment show that wood is not an element? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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8E6 Elements: Only one type of atom Retort Lego bricks standlarge set collection 100 ml beaker Beaker 100 ml
1 2 3 4
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Beaker 250 ml
Test tube 19 mm
Test tube rack
Test tube rack
Test tube rack
Use some Lego bricks of only one size and colour.
Start building the bricks together into a wall. Get the pupils to see that the bricks in this construction represents atoms and that the wall is the element. They should see that an element is a substance made from only one type of atom.
Explain that elements can be solids, liquids or gases. Provide Lego representations of the three states of matter:
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8E7 The periodic table: First three rows: Colouring atoms Retort Print and stand photocopy set table 100 mlonbeaker Beaker 100 the ml following Beaker page250 ml
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Test tube 19 mm
Test tube rack
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Test tube rack
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Be
Mg Al
Na
B
N P
C Si
Write the name of the element
F Cl
O S
Metals: Grey Non-metals Green
Solids: Blue Liquids: Orange Gases: Red
Li
Hydrogen
H Colour in the following backgrounds
Colour in the following atoms:
Ar
Ne
He
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8E7 The periodic table: First three rows: Colouring atoms
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8E8 The periodic table: First three rows: Properties and uses Test tube 19 mm
Cl S P Mg Al Na
Si
F O N C B Be 1.Fuel 2.Weather balloons
H
Test tube rack
Li
He Carry out an internet survey to find at least one use for each element shown below. FULL SITE LICENCE
Test tube rack
Test tube rack
Ar
Beaker 250 ml
Ne
Retort Print and stand photocopy set table 100 mlbelow Beaker beaker 100 ml
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8E9 Element bingo Retort Print and stand photcopy set table 100 ml Beaker thebeaker 100 following ml pages Beakerthen 250cut ml setsTest of cards tube 19 mm
1
Test tube rack
Test tube rack
Test tube rack
Provide each pupil with a bingo card. You are going to describe the elements in the first three rows of the P.T. (we suggest the order shown below). When the pupil is sure he or she knows which element you are describing they must cross it off on their bingo card.
H, Be, C, O, Ne, He, Li, B, N, F, Ar, Na, Cl, Mg, S, Al, P, Si
2
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Describe the elements in the following way: a) Say whether it is: A solid, liquid or a gas A metal or a non-metal b) Describe its appearance, if possible. (e.g. greenish coloured gas, shiny metal) d) Provide some interesting physical property (e.g.“soft, you can cut it with a knife”, “floats on water”) e) Provide some interesting chemical property. (e.g.”reacts vigorously with water”) f) Provide a use of the element. (e.g.”used to kill bacteria in swimming pools”)
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8E9 Element bingo
H Be Na
He
Card1 B
Mg
C
O
F
Si
S
Cl
Card5 Li
Be
Na
B Al
H
Si
N
O
P
S
Be
C
Na
Mg Al
H
Cl
Mg
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B
Ar
C Si
C
Mg Al
H
F S
Cl
N
O
F
P
S
Ne
C
Mg Al
He
He
O P
Ne Ar
Card4 Be
Na
N
Card6 B
Ne
Card7 Be
H
Na
He
B
Mg Al
Ar
Cl
O P
Be
Ne
Card3
Li
Li
He
He
Card2
Ne
S
Cl
Ar
O
F
Ne
S
Cl
Ar
Card8
C
N
F
Ne
Li
Be
Si
P
Cl
Ar
Na
Mg
B
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C
N
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8E10 Element dominoes Retort Print and stand photcopy set table 100 ml Beaker thebeaker 100 following ml pages Beakerthen 250cut ml setsTest of cards tube 19 mm
Cl Be
Ar
B P FULL SITE LICENCE
S SC Quartz Glass Bricks
S NM Gypsum Epsom salts S M
Electronic Chips 26% Earth´s crust
Yellow crystaline at RT Volcanoes
Floats on water
Table salt
Alkalline soln with water
G
Red lighting
NM Unreactive
S M Low density
Monatomic molecule
Flash lamps
Alkalline soln with water
Test tube rack
Test tube rack
Si S Na Ne Mg
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Test tube rack
S M Found in Beryl G NM Unreactive
S SC Low density
S NM Found in urine
Alloy aircraft
Light and hard Light bulbs Monatomic molecule Control Nuclear Reactors Dark grey black Matches Fertilizer Bones 26% Earth´s crust
NM
Burns with “pop”
Upper Atmos.
Diatomic molecule
G
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8E10 Element dominoes
H He
F O FULL SITE LICENCE
S
A Fuel
NM Diamond and Graphite S M Reactive
G
Organic materials
Used for high voltage cells Alkalline soln with water
Fertilizers
NM 79% Atmos.
S M Found in Bauxite
Di-atomic molecule
Kitchen foil
Light and hard
C Li N Al
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G
Fill Balloons
NM Unreactive
G
Monatomic molecule Toothpaste
NM Very reactive
Di-atomic molecule
Burning reactions
G NM 21% Atmos.
G
Di-atomic molecule
Swimming pools
NM Table salt
Di-atomic molecule
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8E11 Chemical signs (elements) Retort Print and stand photcopy set the 100worksheet Beaker ml beaker 100 mlbelow Beaker 250 ml
Test tube 19 mm
Test tube rack
Test tube rack
Test tube rack
Below are some chemical storage containers. Cut out the hazard signs below and stick them on the correct container. Some will require more than one sign. If an element is not deemed a hazard, it will not carry a sign. Not all the signs are used.
Mercury
Uranium
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Sodium
Bromine
Magnesium
Copper
Iodine
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8E12 Element card games Retort Print and stand photcopy set the 100following Beaker ml beaker 100 ml page then Beaker cut250 setsmlof cards Test tube 19 mm
1
Print and photocopy the table of elements on the following page.
Test tube rack
2
Test tube rack
Test tube rack
Stick each photocopy to a DIFFERENT COLOUR card making sure that you glue the entire area of sheet.
H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Ni Cu Zn Ge Br Ag Sn Au Hg Pb
3
Cut the tables into card sets.
IMPORTANT make each set using different colour backing card to help distinguish different sets when sorting.
A Possible Game: 1. You have in front of you a set of cards made as described in the experiment above. Pick the top card and give a brief description of the element without revealing the card (Remember that the element of SURPRISE is an important ATTENTION ATTRACTING DEVICE).
e.g: It is an invisible odourless gas with a very low density, great for making balloons, but reacts violently with Oxygen, approximately two thirds of the atoms in the sea are this element, etc.
Answer: Hydrogen.
2. Students (perhaps divided into table teams) have to guess the name of the element. 3. Once they are clear about the rules give the element card packs to them and get them to play the game in groups of three or four. In turn, one describes to the rest. The student to his right has goes first. If he guesses right he keeps the card, if not then the next student guesses. The winner is the person who finishes with most cards.
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8E12 Element card games
H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Ga Mn Fe Co Ni I Cu Zn Ge Br Ag Sn Au Hg Pb FULL SITE LICENCE
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8E13 Is this substance an element? Table Retort Bk 250ml salt stand Tubing/connectors set VinegarBeaker 100 ml Paper beaker 100towel ml Electronic Beaker Test 250 tube balance ml 19 mmTest T/tube Old tubecoins 1919mm mm Spatula Bung/ Test hole tube rack CopperTest Carbonate tube rack B/burner Test tube Limewater rack
Show pupils some Copper Carbonate powder and tell them that they are going carry out the experiment described below to determine whether the substance is an element or not.
n
HARMFUL
Cut
1
Weigh a small sample of the substance provided.
2
Heat the sample for some time, using a delivery tube to pass the gas produced through lime water.
Dry Powder
Heat gently moving in and out of flame.
! !
Use safety goggles
Lime Water.
Once you have finished heating the sample, empty the contents onto the filter paper and weigh it again.
3
Describe any changes that occurred to the substance as you heated it: ……………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… What did the limewater test tell you?………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… What was the initial mass of the substance?…………………………………… What was the mass after heating? …………………………………… How can you explain the difference in mass?…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… What is the evidence that the substance you heated in the test tube was not an element? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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8E14 Characteristics of Sulphur Test tube 19 mm
Spatula
Test tube holder
!
Cork bung/loose fit
Sulphur
Fume cupboard
B/burner
Use .. Fume Cupboard / Safety Goggles
1
!
Add two measures of sulphur to the test tube and seal with a cork stopper. Cork Stopper
Loosely fitted cork stopper
2 Gently heat the powder and observe what happens.
S u lp h u r
Describe Sulphur:………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… As you GENTLY heat the sulphur powder in the test tube describe the various changes that take place to it in colour and viscosity: Yellow Powder
………………………………
………………………………
………………………………
Why is the cork stopper necessary to perform this experiment?…………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… As you continue heating the sulphur, what do you notice forming around the top part of the test tube? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… What is the reason for this?…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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8E15 Molecules: the gases of the atmosphere Retort stand set Plasticene Ceramic 100 Beaker or ml wooden beaker 100 ml boardBeaker Dowel 250 mlString Test tube 19 mm
Test tube rack
1
Make atoms by rolling small balls of plasticine to the correct diameter (See table below).
2
Then either use wooden tooth picks or used matchsticks as bonds to assemble the atoms into molecules.
Test tube rack
Test tube rack
3
Make a mobile by hanging the molecules from a length of dowel using fishing line.
Use the colour and size code shown on the left to construct the molecules that make the Earth’s atmosphere shown on the right:
Atom
Diameter
Colour
Carbon
20mm
Black
Hydrogen
15mm
Blue
Oxygen
20mm
Red
Nitrogen
23mm
Green
Sulphur
20mm
Yellow
Helium
30mm
Orange
Argon
35mm
Pink
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Molecule Nitrogen Oxygen Argon Carbon dioxide Neon
Formula
%
D R Y A I R
Helium Hydrogen Water
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8E15 Molecules: the gases of the atmosphere
Nitrogen Oxygen Argon Carbon Dioxide Hydrogen Helium
Water
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8E15 Molecules: the gases of the atmosphere
Model
Name
Formula
% in atmosphere
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Argon Carbon Dioxide Hydrogen
Helium
Water
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8E16 Making molecules using Lego bricks Retort Lego bricks: standlarge set collection 100 ml beaker Beaker 100 of different ml Beaker colours 250 ml
1
2
Test tube 19 mm
Test tube rack
Test tube rack
Test tube rack
You need a collection of different coloured Lego bricks. Tell the pupils that each Lego brick represents a different atom. A possible key is shown below:
Nitrogen
Carbon
Sulphur
Hydrogen
Chlorine
Oxygen
Get pupils to use the bricks to build the molecules or compounds listed below:
Build the following molecules using your collection of Lego bricks: Example: Water:
a) Sulphur dioxide
b) Ammonia
f) Hydrogen chloride
g) Nitrogen
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c) Methane
d) Carbon dioxide
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e) Oxygen
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8E17 Building compounds using Lego bricks Tablebricks: Retort Lego salt standlarge set Vinegar collection 100 ml Beaker Paper beaker 100 of different towel ml Beaker Test colours 250 tubeml 19 mmTestOld tubecoins 19 mm Spatula Test tube rack
1 2
Test tube rack
Get pupils to carry out expt 8E21 in which Iron reacts with Sulphur. Before they carry out the reaction show them two Lego brick walls and explain that one represents Iron and the other Sulphur.
IRON
3
Test tube rack
SULPHUR
Explain to them that in the reaction the atoms of each element join with each other in a regular way. AS YOU EXPLAIN THIS you can construct the new wall shown below and explain to them that this represents the new substance formed.
Use the simple model above to write the word and symbol equation for the raection of Iron with Sulphur: Word equation: ………………………………
+
………………………………
………………………………
………………………………
+
………………………………
………………………………
Symbol equation:
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8E18 Properties of Carbon Dioxide Retort powder Baking stand set Vinegar 100 ml beaker Beaker 100 Birthday ml Beaker cake candles 250 ml
1
Sand Testtray tube 19Spatula mm Test Sticky tube tack rack
Hold a small candle in an evaporation dish using blue tack R and half fill with vinegar.
2
Test tube rack
Test tube rack
Light the candle then add some baking powder to the vinegar and observe what happens.
Baking Powder
!
Use a sand tray.
Describe the reaction that occurs:…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… What is the name of the gas formed?………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… What is its formula?……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… What properties can you deduce about Carbon Dioxide from this experiment?……………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Try to find out what substances are used in fire extinguishers. ……………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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8E19 Grouping elements compounds and molecules Tableand Retort Print salt stand photocopy set Vinegar table 100 ml Beaker Paper onbeaker 100 thetowel ml following Beaker Test page250 tube then ml 19cut mmup Test into Old tube sets coins 19ofmm cards Spatula Test tube rack
1 2 3
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Test tube rack
Make a number of card sets from the template on the following page. Before cutting, it is a good idea to stick each template you print to a different coloured card. This avoids the sets getting mixed up when the activity is finished. Ask the pupils to sort their cards into sets. Here are some examples: a) Solids Liquids and Gases b) Mixtures and Pure Substances c) Elements and Compounds d) Molecules
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8E19 Grouping elements compounds and molecules Cl
Fe
C
Ar
Na
Hg
O
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
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H
N
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8E20 Sorting substances using Venn diagrams Tableand Retort Print salt stand photcopy set Vinegar the 100diagrams Beaker ml Paper beaker 100towel ml on theBeaker following Test 250 tube page ml 19 mmTestOld tubecoins 19 mm Spatula Test tube rack
1 2 3 4
Test tube rack
Iodine Sodium Explain the Ven diagram shown below. Limestone Table Salt Get pupils to write down the formulas of the Ammonia substances listed opposite (where possible). Water Carbon dioxide Quartz Ask them to position the substances in Copper Sulphate the correct place in the Venn diagram. A solution of Sodium Hydroxide Brass Print template on the following page.
ε
= All substances Compounds
Elements
Molecules
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Test tube rack
Mixtures
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8E20 Sorting substances using Venn diagrams
ε
= All substances Compounds
Elements
Molecules
Mixtures
ε
= All substances Compounds
Elements
Molecules
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Mixtures
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8E21 Reactions between elements: Iron and Sulphur Tabletube Retort Test salt stand 16 mm set VinegarBeaker 100 Spatula ml Paper beaker 100towel Test ml tube Beaker Test holder 250 tubeml 19Cork mmTest bung/loose Old tubecoins 19fit mm Spatula Sulphur Test tube Iron rack filings Test tube Fume rack cupboard Test tube B/burner rack
Use .. Fume Cupboard / Safety Goggles
1
2
Add the powdered sulphur to the iron filings and mix.
Loosely stop the test tube with a cork stopper.
!
Cork Stopper
Sulphur 3g sulphur
6g of iron filings
Iron Filings
Gently heat mixture in a an ignition tube, until a bright glowing band produced by reaction appears and moves upwards.
3
Describe the reaction in step 3:…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… What produces the bright glowing band?…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… What is the name of the product formed in the reaction in step 2?…………………………………………………………………………………… Write down the word equation for this chemical reaction: ………………………………
+
………………………………
………………………………
Before the reaction took place, the T/T contained a mixture, after the reaction it contained a compound. What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?……………………………………………………………………………………… ……… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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8E22 Reactions between elements: Zinc and Sulphur Table salt Retort Spatula stand Sulphur set VinegarBeaker 100 Zinc ml Paper beaker dust 100towel ml Fume Beaker Test cupboard 250 tubeml 19 mm Bunsen TestOld tube burner coins 19 mmTripod/gauze Spatula Test tube rack Crucible Test nickel tube rack WatchTest glasstube x2 rack
1
Add some Zinc and Sulphur powder to a piece of paper in the quantities indicated below.
Zinc Dust
Sulphur
5g Sulphur
10g Zinc
2 4
Mix the powders well with a spatula.
3
Improve the homogeneity by pouring the mixture from one paper to another a number of times.
5
Light the Bunsen burner. Position it under the crucible and stand well back.
Add the mixture to a metal crucible and position on a tripod stand.
1. Use a safety screen. 2. Use safety goggles. 3. Make sure that you and all pupils are at least 3m away from the reacting subsatnces. 4. Rehearse expt when pupils are not present.
A lot of energy is released in this reaction. What is the evidence for this?…………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Write the word equation for the reaction of Zinc with Sulphur? ………………………………
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8E23 Reactions between elements: Hydrogen and Oxygen Retort stand Hydrogen (seeset expt 7F14) 100 ml beaker Beaker 100 Splint ml
1
Beaker 250 ml
Test tube 19 mm
Test tube rack
Test tube rack
Test tube rack
Obtain some Hydrogen using expt 7F14.
!
Wear safety goggles.
2
Bring a lighted flame near to the mouth of the test tube and observe what happens.
What happens when the lighted splint is placed in the mouth of the test tube?…………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… The “POP!” is produced by an explosive reaction between two substances. What are they? ……………………………………………
and
……………………………………………
Write down the word equation for the reaction below: ………………………………
+
………………………………
………………………………
What are the advantages of using Hydrogen as a fuel?………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Can you think of a disadvantage?…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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8E24 Make an electrolysis bath Low voltage P/S
Electrolysis kit
Sodium Sulphate
1
Splint
Cables and clips
Cut a groove in a carbon rod about 5mm from base using a small file.
5mm diameter carbon rod
2
Wind the cable around the groove then sandwich between two rubber tap washers.
3
Cover both sides with contact cement, allow to dry, then stick together.
!
4
Use a well ventilated space for gluing.
Stick the rubber washers to the base of a plastic container using contact cement and seal with a silicone sealant.
stick : contact cement
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