787 Systems and Performance Tim Nelson
Flight Operations Engineering Boeing Commercial Airplanes
BOEING is a trademark of Boeing Management Company. Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
Configured for Success 787-8 Design Features Breakthrough passenger cabin Advanced wing design
Large cargo capacity Innovative systems technologies Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
Composite primary structure
Overhead crew rests
Enhanced flight deck
Advanced engines and nacelles
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The 787 Is a Complete, Flexible, Efficient Family
787-8 223 passengers (three-class) 8,500 nmi / 15,700 km
787-3 296 passengers (two-class) 3,500 nmi / 6,500km
787-9 259 passengers (three-class) 8,300 nmi / 15,400 km Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
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Efficiency for Medium — and Long-Haul Markets 450
400
Dual-Class
Tri-Class
Short Medium Range Rules
Long Range Rules
777-300
747-400
747-400ER
777-300ER
350
Seats 300
787-3
777-200ER 777-200LR
250
767-300
787-9
767-400ER
787-8
767-300ER
200
767-200ER 150 3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
Design range, nmi Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
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Creating New Non-Stop Routes The The787 787can can efficiently connectconnect more than more450 than new 450airport new city pairs pairs
Possible New Airport Pairs Vancouver - Sao Paulo Seattle - Shanghai San Francisco - Manchester Boston - Athens Tel Aviv - Montreal Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
Munich - Nairobi Geneva - Singapore Dubai - Taipei Madrid - Manila Auckland - Beijing NELSON.5
Quiet for Airport Communities 85 dB Noise Contours at Heathrow London Heathrow
60% less area affected than the A330 and A340
A330-200
A340-300
A330-300
787 noise footprint stays in the airport property
767-300
787- 8 Feet
Source MS Mappoint, (c) Microsoft, Inc. Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
• 85 dBA contours • 3,000 nmi mission
0
5000
Meters 0
1500
4001041404 NELSON.6
Breakthrough Technologies Reduce Fuel Burn Per Seat by 20%
Systems
Engines Materials
Aerodynamics
Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
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Engine Technology Advancements Engine and nacelle features (Common to RR and GE engines) • Higher bypass ratio and higher pressure ratio compressor • High-flow low-speed fan • Advanced materials and coatings • No-engine-bleed systems architecture • Low-noise nacelles with chevrons • Engine types are interchangeable at wing / pylon interface
Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
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Advanced Aerodynamics • State of the art 3-D aerodynamic analysis and design tools provide: − Advanced transonic wing design for improved speed and lift − High performance, but mechanically simplified high lift system for high reliability and reduced maintenance cost − Multi-disciplinary optimization for best combination of weight, drag and engine performance
• Tightly integrated packaging of systems to reduce the size of aerodynamic fairings for reduced weight and drag
• Advanced aerodynamic features validated through extensive wind tunnel test program at both high and low Reynolds number facilities
• Laminar flow nacelles • Variable camber trailing edge
Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
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Composite Solutions Applied Throughout the 787
Carbon laminate Carbon sandwich Fiberglass Aluminum Aluminum/steel/titanium pylons Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
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Starting the Second Century of Powered Flight
Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
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787 Advanced Systems Efficient Airplane Systems • Advanced Energy Management – The More Electric Airplane • Flight Controls – Variable Camber Trailing Edge and Drooped Spoilers Highly Integrated Avionics • Common Core Systems open architecture • Integrated Flight Controls Electronics • Integrated Communication/Navigation/Surveillance equipment • Integrated Airplane Systems control e-Enabled Airplane • Broadband connectivity within airplane and with ground − Flight Deck − Crew Information System − Onboard Health Maintenance − Cabin systems Trade Study decisions assume Life Cycle Costs of the airplane Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
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Advanced Energy Management Generate, Distribute, and Consume energy in an effective and efficient manner. Hybrid AC and DC Primary Distribution Systems (230 Vac, 115 Vac, ±270 Vdc, 28 Vdc) Electric Wing Ice Protection
Elimination of Pneumatic Bleed System
Liquid Cooled Power Electronics Two 250 kVA Variable Frequency Starter/Generators per engine
APU with Two 225 kVA Starter/Generators
Adjustable Electric Air Conditioning Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
Adjustable Speed Motors and Motor Controllers NELSON.13
Electrical Systems Overview ENGINE Gen
ENGINE
Gen
Gen
APU
Gen
Gen
Gen
230Vac Distribution approx.20 loads
ATU
TRU
115Vdc Distribution
28Vdc Distribution
ATRU ±270Vdc Distribution Motor Controllers approx. 10 loads Adjustable Speed Motors: • Hydraulic EMP • NGS • ECS Compressors • ECS Fans • Engine Start
Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
approx. 25 loads
Large loads such as: • Wing Ice Protection • Hydraulic AC Motor Pump • Fuel Pumps • ATRU – Auto Transformer Rectifier Unit • Galley Ovens • Cargo Heaters • ATU – Auto Transformer Unit • ECS Recirc Fans • TRU – Transformer Rectifier Unit
approx. 150 loads
Large >10 amps: • ECS Lav/Gal fans • Equipment Cooling Fans RPDU #1 • Window Heat • etc
RPDU #17
approx. 850 loads
115 Vac Loads < 10 amps 28 Vdc Loads < 10 amps
Large >10 amps: • DC Fuel Pump • Igniters • CCS • Flight Deck Displays • BPCUs/GCUs • etc
• • • • • • •
NGS – Nitrogen Generating System EMP – Electric Motor Pump ECS – Environmental Control System RPDU – Remote Power Distribution Unit CCS – Common Core System BPCU – Bus Power Control Unit GCU – Generator Control Unit
115 Vac Loads < 10 amps 28 Vdc Loads < 10 amps NELSON.14
Electronic Circuit Breakers
SYS MENU CB BY ATA
FLIGHT DECK NON-NORMAL CB BY STATE CB SEARCH CB CB RECENT CB CB CB BY BUS BY LOCATION USED CB CUSTOM LIST
CE2100713 CIRCUIT BREAKER NAME 1
TRIPPED DETAILS
CONTROL
S
CE2100714 CIRCUIT BREAKER NAME 2
DETAILS
CONTROL
½
• Display-based control and
CE2100715 CIRCUIT BREAKER NAME 3
DETAILS
CONTROL
indication of breaker state
CE2100701 CIRCUIT BREAKER NAME 4
DETAILS
CONTROL
CE2100702 CIRCUIT BREAKER NAME 5
DETAILS
CONTROL
TRIPPED DETAILS
CONTROL
DETAILS
CONTROL
DETAILS
CONTROL
DETAILS
CONTROL
CE2100719 CIRCUIT BREAKER NAME 10
DETAILS
CONTROL
CE2100703 CIRCUIT BREAKER NAME 11
DETAILS
CONTROL
CE2100721 CIRCUIT BREAKER NAME 12
DETAILS
CONTROL
DETAILS
CONTROL
DETAILS
CONTROL
CK2100724 CONTACTOR NAME 15
DETAILS
CONTROL
¾
CE2100725 CIRCUIT BREAKER NAME 16
DETAILS
CONTROL
T
• Accessible on Multi-Function Displays (MFDs) and maintenance access devices
1 CK2100780 CONTACTOR NAME 6 CE2100716 CIRCUIT BREAKER NAME 7
?
CE2100717 CIRCUIT BREAKER NAME 8 DO NOT CLOSE
CE2100718 CIRCUIT BREAKER NAME 9
DO NOT CLOSE
CE2100722 CIRCUIT BREAKER NAME 13 CE2100723 CIRCUIT BREAKER NAME 14
Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
UNK
?
UNK
2
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Environmental Control Systems • Overhead cabin air distribution • Upper and lower air recirculation • HEPA Filters and Gaseous Air Purification* for recirculated air • Personal Air Outlet (Gasper) System* - Basic • Optional Flight Deck Humidification System • Electric Air Conditioning* • 6,000 foot maximum cabin altitude* • Integrated galley refrigeration* • Conventional cabin pressure control – two outflow valves • Supplemental electric heating for Forward and Bulk Cargo compartments* • Forward* and Bulk Cargo heating and ventilation for animal carriage • Optional Forward Cargo air conditioning Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
• Forced air cooling for essential E/E equipment • Draw-thru cooling for minor E/E equipment • Liquid cooling for Power Electronics*
• Electric heating for door floor areas* • Draw-thru ventilation for Lavatories, Galleys, and Crew Rests * Different from 777 NELSON.16
Cabin Air Conditioning System Heat Exchanger inlet
Heat Exchangers
Cabin Air Compressor Inlet (Deflector door shown deployed)
• Two air conditioning packs • Air source provided by cabin air compressors • Adjustable to passenger count Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
Cabin Air Compressors Electric Ram Fan NELSON.17
Cabin Pressurization Schedule 8000
Increased passenger comfort - maximum normal cabin altitude of 6000 feet at maximum cruise altitude (reduced from 8000 feet)
7000
747-400 Cabin altitude (ft)
6000
777 767
787
5000
4000
3000 30000
33000
36000
39000
42000
450000
Airplane altitude (ft) Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
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Equipment Cooling System Power Electronics Cooling System
L1 ATRU
Left Ram Air Duct
R1 ATRU
R1 ECS / MES MC
Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
L1 ECS / MES MC
Lav/galley vent heat exchanger
C2 HYD MC
Right RAM Fan MC
R2 ECS / MES MC
L HYD MC
NGS / APU Start MC
Optional GRU
RAM Heat Exchanger
C1 HYD MC
Left RAM Fan MC
L2 ATRU
L2 ECS / MES MC
R HYD MC
Optional GRU
Basic GRU
P800 Rack
Basic GRU
P700 Rack
Right Ram Air Duct
PECS Heat Load: motor controller, ATRU, or galley refrigeration unit Pump Package w/ reservoirs, filters, and check valves
3-way Valve
PECS Heat Load: hydraulic motor controller NELSON.19
Hydraulic System Architecture Left Engine
25 gpm
Engine Driven Pump (EDP)
OB Aileron – IB Flaperon
Left System +/- 270V DC Electric Motor Pump (EMP)
Center System 27 gpm Electric Motor Pump (EMP)
27 gpm +/- 270V DC 25 gpm Electric Motor Pump (EMP)
27 gpm
13 gpm Ram Air Turbine (RAT)
Right Engine Electric Driven Pump (EDP)
Right System +/- 270V DC Electric Motor Pump (EMP)
L Wing: OB & IB R Wing: IB
L Wing: OB R Wing: OB & IB
L Wing: IB R Wing: OB
L Wing: 3 R Wing: 12
L Wing: 1, 7 R Wing: 8, 14
L Wing: 2, 6 R Wing: 9, 13
Elevator
Left
Left & Right
Right
Rudder
PCU
PCU
PCU
Thrust Reverser
Left
Spoilers IB & OB
Right
Trailing Edge Flaps
Motor
Leading Edge Flaps
Motor
Nose Landing Gear & Steering Main Landing Gear
27 gpm
Normal Reserve Left & Right
5000 psi systems with common pumps Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
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787 Fly-by-Wire Flight Controls All Surfaces Fly-By-Wire • Eliminates cables • Reduced weight • Improved functionality
Trailing Edge Surfaces • Inboard and outboard single slotted flaps • Single outboard ailerons • Single flaperons • Seven spoiler pairs with droop function • Trailing Edge Variable Camber (TEVC) • Reduced complexity of trailing edge mechanism
Electric Integrated Horizontal Stabilizer Trim Actuator (HSTA) • Reduced complexity • Reduced weight
Integrated Flight Control Electronics • Reduced weight and space
Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
Leading Edge Surfaces • Inboard and outboard 3-position slats • Sealing Krueger Flap at pylon NELSON.21
High Lift Function • Leading Edge and Trailing Edge Kinematic Motion Rotary Actuator
Middle Extended
UP
Outboard Slats Small Gap on Takeoff (Inboard Sealed) Outboard Slats Gapped on Landing settings
Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
Simple pivot dropped hinge Hinge Fairing
Spoiler Droop
Variable Camber at Cruise
37-43 degrees down
• Spoiler Droop functionality replaces fore flaps and maintains gap and overlap requirements. • Spoilers driven down via fly-by-wire control. NELSON.22
Landing Gear Systems New Control-by-Wire • Landing Gear Actuation − Electronic control and sequencing of landing gear and doors − Dedicated proximity sensors to monitor gear and door position, and to control sequencing − Alternate landing gear extension electrically controlled and hydro-mechanically released
• Brake Control − Control-by-wire for brake, autobrake, and anti-skid functions − Electric Brake Actuators
• Steering Control − Control-by-wire rudder pedals and dual tillers
• Brake Temperature Monitoring System – baseline • Tire Pressure Indication System – baseline Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
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Wing Anti-Ice System Overview Slats with ice protection 2, 3, 4, 5
• Electrical Power – no engine bleed air
• Six heater mats in each heated slat
• Aluminum cap to protect leading edge surface Heater Mats Nose Skin The heater mats are bonded to interior surface of the composite slat leading edge skin Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
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Final Nose Configuration • Four windows, fewer posts
• Pilot vision similar to 777
• Non-opening windows • Crew escape door • Vertically stowed wipers
• Windshield washer
Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
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Cargo Fire Protection HRD HRD Btl Btl 1A 1A
ETOPS Capability: • Basic - 180 minutes • Options (-8 and -9): − 240 minutes (one bottle) − 330 minutes (two bottles)
HRD HRD Btl Btl 1B 1B
Forward Cargo Compartment
Metered Metered Btl Btl 2A 2A
Metered Metered Btl Btl 2B 2B
Metered Metered Btl Btl 2C 2C
Metered Metered Btl Btl 2D 2D
Metered Metered Btl Btl 2E 2E
Optional Bottles
Aft and Bulk Cargo Compartments
Cargo Fire Suppression System Nozzles: Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
Flow Valves: NELSON.26
Fuel Systems Improvements • Improved Fuel Quantity availability (measuring sticks removed)
• Highly capable center tank fuel scavenge system
• Improved lateral balance correction without need to turn off fuel pumps
• Redundant jettison path of main tank fuel
• Improved anti-ignition safety using all-tank Nitrogen inerting and compliance to latest ignition prevention regulations
Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
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Common Core System Benefits Common Data Network • Open industry standard interfaces A664 • Eliminate multiple standards & protocols • Fiber Optic Network media Common Computing Resource • Based on Open System Architecture Principles Modular Implementation Controller RDC Core
of common elements ECS Ctrl. Mech/Hyd Electrical Application Application Application API
API
API
Avionics Cabin Sys Utilities Application Application Application API A653
API A653
API
Resource Control OperatingSystem System Operating H/W Support Package Hardware Hardware Implementation Implementation
Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
with robust partitioning of functions in software hierarchical layering of services having well defined, standardized, rigidly enforced key interfaces A653
A/D, D/A
Sys Bus IF
Signal Conditioning
Power Supply Power Supply
Remote Data Concentrators • Reduces airplane wiring/weight, • Ease of system upgrade/modification • Highly reliable NELSON.28
Avionics Integration Beyond 777 777
787
Surveillance
WXR
EGPWS
TCAS
ATC
Nav Radios
VOR
MB
MMR
DME
Comm Radios
VHF
HF
SATCOM
ADIRU
SAARU
WEU
Others
Inertial Other LRUs
AIMS
Displays DFDAC FM / TM CMF / ACMF / QAR FDCF Gateways Others Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
RA
RA
Integrated Navigation Radios (INR)
DME
SATCOM
Integrated Surveillance System (ISS)
HF
VHF
Earth Reference System (ERS)
Common Core Resource (CCR) Air Data Crew Alerting Comm Management Data Acquisition Displays FM / TM / AT Health Management Gateways Others
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Flight Deck • Boeing look, feel and procedures flow • Familiar Boeing controls • Familiar display formats • All 777 functions and features • Large format displays
Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
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Display Layout Comparison
777
787
Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
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Class III EFB Overview • One installed for each pilot – basic • Avionics quality LCD • Accessible via touchscreen, bezel keys, cursor control device and keyboard
Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
• Interfaces to: ―Other Avionics (e.g. Flight Management) ―Communication systems ―Flight Deck printer
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On-board Performance Tool • Calculates limit weights, V speeds, thrust and more
• Performance optimization and flexibility − Optimum flap − Multiple intersections − Calculates assumed temperature thrust reduction − MEL and CDL item entry − Airport NOTAM entry
• Data from FMC − Origin airport, QNH, OAT
• Simplified weight and balance Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
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Crew Information System — Onboard Health Management Objective: Reduce schedule interruptions and maintenance costs
Integrated data load and configuration reporting
Airplane level fault consolidation and correlation, and data collection
Electronic Distribution of Software Media-less data transfer to/from ground stations Electronic link to maintenance manuals Fault Prediction
Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
Coordinated airplane and ground processing approach NELSON.34
787 Program Schedule Airplane Announcement
2002
Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
Authority to Offer
2003
Program Launch
Firm Configuration
2004
2005
First Flight
2006
2007
Certification and Delivery
2008
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Thank You
Copyright © 2005 Boeing. All rights reserved.
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