CHEMISTRY 439/639 Green Chemistry and Sustainability Professor: Brian J. Frost Office: CB 121 Email: [email protected] Office Hours: Open door policy and/or by appointment.

Phone: 784-1993

Prerequisites: Green Chemistry is an advanced level course designed for junior or senior level undergraduate and graduate students. Green Chemistry is appropriate for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in Chemistry, Biology, Biochemistry, Chemical Engineering, Environmental Chemistry, Materials Science, Physics, and other related fields. Successful completion of a year of general chemistry and at least one semester of organic chemistry (Chem 220A, Chem 241, or Chem 341) is required (two semesters preferred). Course Overview/Objectives: As defined by the EPA, green chemistry is the design of chemical products and processes that eliminate the use or generation of hazardous substances. Such sustainable technologies provide benefits, including safer products, reduced use of energy, resources and waste, and improved competitiveness within the market. In this course we will discuss how green chemistry and sustainability ideas can impact society. We will discuss the philosophy of green chemistry and how these ideas have revolutionized how society views products and chemical technology. “Green chemistry differs from previous approaches to many environmental issues. Rather than using regulatory restrictions, it unleashes the creativity and innovation of our scientists and engineers in designing and discovering the next generation of chemicals and materials so that they provide increased performance and increased value while meeting all goals to protect and enhance human health and the environment.” (ACS Green Chemistry Institute®) The goal of this course is to provide an in-depth introduction to Green Chemistry. It is assumed that the student has a thorough understanding of all the material presented in general and organic chemistry as well as parts of physical chemistry. Topics to be covered are as follows (subject to change): Environmental Protection Agency (1970) o 12 major environmental laws passed o Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Awards (1996) o The Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry • The Fundamentals/Principles of Green Chemistry o Atom Economy o Life Cycle Assessment o Use of Renewable Resources • Catalysts for Green Chemistry o Topics chosen from General, Inorganic, Organic, and Polymer chemistry o Alternative solvents and reaction media • Energy and the Environment o Global Warming (Climate Change) o Renewable energy o Core Objectives: Starting in fall 2016 this course will satisfy core objectives 9 and 13. CO9: Students will be able to connect science and technology to real-world problems by explaining how science relates to problems of societal concern; be able to distinguish between sound and unsound interpretations of scientific information; employ cogent reasoning methods in their own examinations of problems and issues; and understand the applications of science and technology in societal context. •

CO13: Students will be able to integrate and synthesize Core knowledge, enabling them to analyze open-ended problems or complex issues. CO13 will be satisfied by integrating CO1, CO3, and CO9. CO1 will be integrated through a series of critical analysis papers and via a scientific lecture on a topic related to the course at the end of the semester (see details below for additional details). CO3 and CO9 are integrated throughout the course as students will be expected to provide critical analysis of the philosophical and technical aspects of green chemistry and the impact of the field on society in the past, present, and future.

Student Learning Outcomes: Core Objective 9 (Science, Technology, & Society) • explain  how  Green  chemistry  and  sustainability  relates  to  problems  of  societal  concern     • describe   how   Green   chemistry   and   sustainability   developments   affect   society,   the   environment,   and   economic  development   • analyze  a  process  and  identify  how  it  may  be  made  more  environmentally  friendly/sustainable/green   Core  Objective  13  (Integration  &  Synthesis)   • integrate,   synthesize,   and   apply   knowledge   of   the   relationship   between   science   and   technology   and   societal  issues  in  both  focused  and  broad  interdisciplinary  contexts  (CO3)   • make  connections  between  previous  coursework  and  integrate  with  green  chemistry  and  sustainability   concepts  (CO3)   • demonstrate  the  ability  to  effectively  communicate  to  others  the  concepts  learned  in  the  course  (CO1)   • analyze  and  compare  chemical/industrial  processes  based  on  their  relative  “greenness”  (CO3)   Required Texts: Lancaster, M Green Chemistry: An Introductory Text, 2nd edition, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK 2010. (ISBN 978-1-84755-873-2) References/additional texts: Anastas, P.T.; Warner, J. C. Green Chemistry, Theory and Practice, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2000. ISBN: 0-19-850698-8 Inorganic Chemistry 3rd Edition by G.L. Miessler and D.A. Tarr ACS Style Guide, Dodd, 2nd ed Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Award (www.epa.gov/greenchemistry) Journals (available on the Web): Green Chemistry (RSC); ChemSusChem (Wiley); ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering; Plus many others. Exams: There will be two midterm (1 hour) exams and a two-hour final exam; all will be administered in class (although there may be a take home component). The final will be comprehensive with emphasis on the material presented in the final few weeks of class. Exam 1: TBA Exam 2: TBA Final Exam: TBA This class will involve a significant amount of original literature. I encourage all of you to begin reading the scientific literature on a regular basis. Each exam in this course will involve material from the original literature. Prior to each exam you will be provided a reference to one of more papers from which a portion of the exam will be drawn (10-20%). Problem Sets/short papers: There will be a series of problem sets/short critical analysis papers (1-2 page) during the semester totaling 15 - 25% of your final grade (CO1 and CO3). Problem sets may be worked on in groups; however, your final submitted work must be your own. The names of all the people you worked must be included on the submitted work. I strongly encourage that you attempt all problems yourself before getting help. Writing and the clear concise communication of ideas is an important part of a capstone course (CO1). Paper/peer review: Each student in Chem 639 will write a short detailed paper analyzing one of the recent Presidential Green Chemistry Awards (or other topic approved by BJF). The topic is due by 5 pm on October 30th. An appointment with Prof. Frost must be made to discuss the topic and details of the paper at least a week prior to the topic due date. The final proposal is due at the start on the first class period in December. Three copies of the paper are to be submitted, two of which are to be anonymous and used for peer review. Late papers will not be accepted for any reason. The anonymous copies will be distributed to two students in the class (one 439 one 639) for a detailed peer review (CO1). The peer reviews of the papers are due prior to the final. The reviews need to be detailed and look for both English usage and scientific content. The marked up paper and the typed reviewer comments will be provided to the author.

Grading: Midterm exams Final exam Problem Sets/short papers Paper Peer Review Class presentation Class participation

439 35% 15% 25% NA% 5% 10% 10%

639 30% 15% 20% 10% 5% 10% 10%

Letter grades with plus or minus will be assigned based on the total percentage scores earned in the course. The following scores guarantee the corresponding minimum letter grades: 90-100% A- to A 80-89 % B- to B+ 70-79 % C- to C+ 60-69 % D- to D+ ≤ 59% F Lecture: The lectures in this course are designed to complement and supplement the textbook. You are responsible for all of the material covered in the assigned text sections whether it is presented in lecture or not. The lectures will be used to reinforce and explain the more difficult topics and concepts. Questions during class are encouraged, either on the material being presented or related topics. I reserve the right to give unannounced quizzes during lecture. Student Lectures: Towards the end of the course each of you will present a lecture on a topic related to this course. These lectures will likely focus on discussion of the Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Awards. Details will be discussed as we progress through the course. This component of the course helps to fulfill CO13 by integrating knowledge and utilizing communication skills (CO1) Policy: No assignment will be accepted after the due date nor will make-up exams be given for any reason. There will be no exceptions to these policies. Attendance and Behavior: It is expected that you are all serious students and as such will attend class regularly. Attendance may be taken on an occasional basis and be used to decide borderline grades. If you want to succeed, you need to make a commitment to get to class every day on time and to keep up in general. Disruptive behavior will not be tolerated; cell phones, pagers, MP3 players etc are to be turned off prior to entering class. Answering cell phones, talking, texting, or other disruptive behavior will result in removal from the classroom and possibly dismissal from the course. I will start and end class on time. I expect you to be in class on time and ready for the start of lecture. Repeated violation of the behavior policy will result in dismissal from the course. If you must come to class a few minutes late quietly enter and sit at the back to avoid disturbing other students or the instructor. If you must leave early inform the instructor in advance and sit on an isle near the rear of the classroom—it is rude to walk out in the middle of lecture. Statement on Academic Dishonesty: Cheating, plagiarism or otherwise obtaining grades under false pretenses constitute academic dishonesty according to the code of this university. Academic dishonesty will not be tolerated and penalties can include canceling a student's enrollment without a grade, giving an F for the course or for the assignment. For more details, see the University of Nevada, Reno General Catalog." Academic dishonesty will not be tolerated in any form. Any student caught cheating, plagiarizing, etc will be referred to the UNR Mediation, Advocacy and Judicial Services Office. Penalties may include, but are not limited to, course failure, suspension or expulsion. Email is an acceptable method to contact me with questions. Do not, however, expect an immediate answer; nor should you assume that the sending of an email gives you permission to miss an assignment or exam. Email without a name or the proper use of punctuation, grammar, or sentence structure will not be

answered or acknowledged. Consider your email to be a formal piece of writing. Any email sent should also include an appropriate subject (e.g. chem 439/639 office hours), salutation (e.g. Dear Prof. Frost), and signature (i.e. your name). Email that does not follow these simple rules may not be answered or acknowledged. Any student with a disability needing academic adjustments or accommodations is requested to speak with the Disability Resource Center (Thompson Building, Suite 101) as soon as possible to arrange for appropriate accommodations. Statement of audio and video recording: Surreptitious or covert video-taping of class or unauthorized audio recording of class is prohibited by law and by Board of Regents policy. This class may be videotaped or audio recorded only with the written permission of the instructor. In order to accommodate students with disabilities, some students may be given permission to record class lectures and discussions. Therefore, students should understand that their comments during class may be recorded.

Tentative Lecture Schedule Week Week 1

Lecture Material Green Chemistry: Introduction and History

Environmental Disasters and Laws: “End of Pipe” solutions

Week 2

Definition and Importance: sustainability “Benign by design” 12 Principles of Green Chemistry

Week 3 Week 4

Waste and pollution prevention Green Chemistry Metrics: measuring green processes

Week 5

Atom efficiency, E Factory, effective mass yield (EMY), etc First case studies

Week 6 Week 7

Measuring toxicity “chemicals of concern” Green Solvents (ionic liquids, water, ScCO2, etc) Renewable versus Sustainable Life Cycle Assessment and Environmental/Health/Safety of Organic Solvent

Week 8 Week 9 Week 10

Catalysis and green chemistry: Basic Organometallic Chemistry Green Chemistry and Catalysis: homogeneous catalysis Green Chemistry and Catalysis: heterogeneous catalysis Polymer chemistry and polymers from renewable resources CO2 and Global warming

Week 11 Week 12

CO2 Utilization and Renewable Energy sources Industrial case studies (green engineering)

Week 13 Week 14

Designing Greener Processes Green Chemistry: Inherently safer design

Week 1516

Student Presentations on Green Chemistry topics

Core comments How green chemistry has changed society (CO9, CO13) (evolution of the EPA and how the concept of green chemistry changed how products were viewed by society) Analysis of why the EPA was formed and how things have changed since its formation Analysis of chemical and engineering ideas to consider when evaluating a chemical process/technology CO3: applying knowledge from various courses to develop new metrics specific examples of how green chemistry has impacted society (CO9, CO13)

Analysis of the difference between renewable and sustainable (words matter) How to quantify how environmentally friendly a chemical technology is (CO9).

Effect of industrialization on society (CO13) specific examples of how green chemistry and improved chemical/engineering technology has impacted society (CO13) How improved chemical technology can influence society Presentations focus on impacts of changed to industrial processes have on the environment and society (CO1, CO3, CO9, CO13)