5G: Vision and Enabling Technologies June 2016
Mauricio Kobayashi Keysight Technologies
Topics – 5G vision and requirements – Candidate Technologies • Sub-6 GHz: - Evolution of current cellular technology - New 5G air interface • Revolution of new radio access technology - Centimetre and millimetre wave radio access - Massive MIMO – 5G timeline – Keysight in 5G
5G: Vision and Enabling Technologies
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5G Drivers and Vision Massive Growth in Mobile Data Demand Massive Growth in No. of Connected Devices Exploding Diversity of Wireless Applications
100x Data Rates
For the User* Amazingly fast Great service in a crowd Best experience follows you
100x Densification
Super real-time and reliable communications
1ms Latency
Ubiquitous things communicating Dramatic Change in User Expectations of Network
1000x Capacity
*Courtesy of METIS
All founded on a solid business model © 2016 Keysight Technologies
Reliability 99.999% 100x Energy Efficiency
5G: Vision and Enabling Technologies
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Proposed 5G Use Cases
© 2016 Keysight Technologies
• High density of devices (2x105 106/km2) • Long range • Low data rate (1 100 kbps) • M2M ultra low cost • 10 years battery • Asynchronous access
UR/LL
Ultra reliability and low latency (UR/LL)
• 10-20 Gbps peak • 100 Mbps whenever needed • 10000x more traffic • Macro and small cells • Support for high mobility (500 km/h) • Network energy saving by 100 times
mMTC
Massive Machine Communication (mMTC)
Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB)
eMBB
• Ultra responsive • > Number of UE’s New waveforms and new radio access technology Centralized & Nomadic RAN (RAT) In-band full duplex Software based network architecture: SDN and NFV
Evolution of existing technology (Sub-6 GHz)
•
Evolution of current cellular technologies – LTE-A/LTE-A Pro •
• • • •
Example: license assisted access (LAA); enhancement to machine type communication (MTC) or NB-IoT
New waveforms and new radio access technology (RAT) New frequency bands below 6 GHz Ultra-dense networks – small cells and WLAN access points Evolution of RAN architecture (Advanced C-RAN)
With tight interworking between exiting technologies and the new technologies
© 2016 Keysight Technologies
5G: Vision and Enabling Technologies
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5G Exploration Bands©
© 2016 Keysight Technologies
5G: Vision and Enabling Technologies
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Spectrum in Sub-6 GHz New and flexible spectrum usage – Sub-6 GHz will use existing licensed and unlicensed spectrum – New global sub-6 GHz bands for mobile broadband identified at WRC-15* http://www.itu.int/pub/R-ACT-WRC.11-2015/en • WRC-15 initiated studies on frequency bands for advanced 5G technologies in multiple bands between 24-86 GHz and will report back to WRC-19 (nothing is guaranteed for WRC-19 for IMT-2020) – Phase 1 of 5G deployment, in 2020, most likely be in sub-6 GHz 10 GHz
1 GHz
100 GHz
30 GHz
Frequency
1 cm
Far IR
THz
Wavelength
10 cm
10 THz
100 THz
1PHz
300 GHz
mmWave
Sub-6 GHz Microwave
1 THz
1 mm
100 mm
Infrared Light 10 mm
UV 1 mm
Evolution of LTE-A New radio access technology (RAT) and new 5G RAT *World Radiocommunication Conference 2015 (2-27 November 2015, Geneva)
© 2016 Keysight Technologies
5G: Vision and Enabling Technologies
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Evolution of Existing Technology LTE-Advanced/LTE-Advanced Pro LTE-U / LTE-LAA
• 5 GHz ISM Band
Data + Control Licensed Anchor Data only Unlicensed (5 GHz) • •
Carrier Aggregation
LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U): based on 3GPP Rel 10-12 and LTE-U Forum spec LTE-License Assisted Access (LAA) part of 3GPP Rel-13
Licensed spectrum remains top priority for operators LTE over unlicensed gives operators another option to offload traffic to unlicensed spectrum using LTE-U/LTE-LAA • Up to 32 CCs including LAA operation Carrier Aggregation • TDD-FDD joint operation
Dual Connectivity
• Simultaneous connection to macro & small cell
Full-Dimension MIMO (FD-MIMO)
• Simultaneously supports elevation and azimuth BF • High order MIMO with up to 64 antenna ports at eNB
Narrow Band IoT (NB-IoT)
• New narrowband radio technology to address the requirements of the Internet of Things (IoT) (Rel. 13)
Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communication
• Support for V2V services based on LTE sidelink (Rel. 14)
© 2016 Keysight Technologies
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Candidate Waveforms Multicarrier waveforms and filter operation Some contenders: – Cyclic Prefix based OFDM (CP-OFDM) – used in LTE • Filter per full-band, uses cyclic prefix to separate symbols • Not efficient for small packets
– Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) • Filter per subcarrier, reduced side lobes, no cyclic prefix • Offset-QAM (OQAM) used to achieve orthogonality
– Universal Filtered Multicarrier (UFMC) • • • •
Also known as universal filtered OFDM (UF-OFDM) Filter per sub-band, reduced side lobes, no cyclic prefix Claim to be efficient for both large and small packets QAM may be used for modulation
OFDM vs. FBMC using different filter overlap factor
FBMC fragmented spectrum
© 2016 Keysight Technologies
UFMC multiplex of sub-bands 5G: Vision and Enabling Technologies
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Case Study: FBMC Co-Existence with LTE Test Configuration using Systemvue, AWG and PXA
© 2016 Keysight Technologies
5G: Vision and Enabling Technologies
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FBMC Co-Existence with LTE created in Systemvue
© 2016 Keysight Technologies
5G: Vision and Enabling Technologies
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FBMC Co-Existence with LTE Case Study EVM = 0.6%
© 2016 Keysight Technologies
5G: Vision and Enabling Technologies
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FBMC Co-Existence with LTE Case Study (continued)
EVM= 20.1%
LTE EVM vs. FBMC Spectrum Notch Width EVM= 2.1%
EVM= 1.25 %
LTE EVM, %
EVM= 0.6%
FBMC Notch Width (# Subcarriers)
© 2016 Keysight Technologies
5G: Vision and Enabling Technologies
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Topics – 5G vision and requirements – Candidate Technologies • Sub-6 GHz: - Evolution of current cellular technology - New 5G air interface • Revolution of new radio access technology - Centimetre and millimetre wave radio access - Massive MIMO – 5G timeline – Keysight in 5G
5G: Vision and Enabling Technologies
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Millimeter Wave Frequencies (mmWave) 10 GHz
1 GHz
100 GHz
30 GHz
Frequency Wavelength
10 cm
10 THz
1PHz
100 THz
300 GHz
mmWave
Microwave
1 THz
1 cm
Far IR
THz
1 mm
100 mm
Infrared Light
10 mm
UV
1 mm
Potential 5G mmWave Bands
• 28-50 GHz multiple bands under consideration for 5G Radio Access
60 GHz
• 60 GHz(1) (Oxygen Absorption Band) Unlicensed, 802.11ad, Backhaul • 70/80 GHz E-Band, Lightly Licensed. Primarily Backhaul, Fronthaul, Possible radio access band Note 1: 15dB/kM = 1.5dB/100m. Atmospheric absorption is not the main issue for mmWave Radio Access!
© 2016 Keysight Technologies
5G: Vision and Enabling Technologies
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Increasing Frequencies: Challenge and Opportunity Free-space Path Loss
Distance
Frequency
– In words. For a given distance, as the frequency increases, the received power will drop unless offset by an increase in some combination of transmit power, transmit antenna gain, and receive antenna gain. – The decrease in power as a function of frequency is caused by the decrease in the antenna aperture. The Good News: • Higher frequency antennas elements are smaller • Easier to assemble into electronically steered arrays • Reduced interference. Energy goes where it’s needed • Improve performance in dense crowds (5G goal) • Higher frequencies wider bandwidths: faster (5G goal) Challenges: • Increased complexity with more elements • Multiple antenna arrays required for spherical coverage • Discovery and Tracking (mobile devices)
© 2016 Keysight Technologies
IBM 94 GHz Array Can Tile for Larger Arrays IBM Press Release, June 2013
5G: Vision and Enabling Technologies
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Antenna Technology
LTE MIMO
Horizontal antenna array
Massive MIMO
Key technology 2-D antenna array
Beam Forming and spatial multiplexing
© Keysight Technologies 2015 © 2016 Keysight Technologies
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Beamforming optimized with Systemvue
> the number of users to improve the SINR – Motivation: Higher Reliability, Higher Throughput, Lower TX Power
User Data Stream 1 User Data Stream 2 User Data Stream 3 User Data Stream K
Precoding
CSI 1
User #1
2 3
User #2
N
User #3
User #K
N-antenna BS
© 2016 Keysight Technologies
5G: Vision and Enabling Technologies
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Increasing mmWave Capacity with Massive MIMO
The four beam patterns below are simultaneously transmitted to separate UE from a 50 element linear array of omnidirectional elements at ½ λ spacing UE2 Target UE (solid)
Victim UEs (hollow)
50 omni elements Linear Array ½ λ Spacing
UE3 UE4 For an in-depth discussion of Massive MIMO see: Massive MIMO and mmWave Technology Insights and Challenges Presented by: Bob Cutler, Keysight Technologies © 2016 Keysight Technologies
5G: Vision and Enabling Technologies
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Topics – 5G vision and requirements – Candidate Technologies • Sub-6 GHz: - Evolution of current cellular technology - New 5G air interface • Revolution of new radio access technology - Centimetre and millimetre wave radio access - Massive MIMO – 5G timeline – Keysight in 5G
5G: Vision and Enabling Technologies
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5G Timing: Drivers Industry rallying around these cardinal dates 2015 Milestones Sept: 3GPP 5G Workshop Nov: ITU WRC 15 Dec: 3GPP RAN Plenary
2020 Milestone July/Aug: Summer Olympics Japan Summer (Likely): 1st 5G Commercial
2018 Milestones Feb: Winter Olympics South Korea June/July: FIFA World Cup, Russia
2015
2016
2017
2019 Milestone Nov (Likely): ITU-WRC 19
2018
2019
2022 Milestone Summer (Earliest): 2nd 5G Commercial
2020
2021
2022
– Mid/Late 2020: commercialization focused below 6 GHz (standard must be complete before end 2018). 2022 or later for mmWave commercialization (technology, spectrum)
– 2018 and 2020 Olympics will showcase 5G – 3GPP Workshops & Plenary in Sept and Dec 2015 is official start to 5G standards work
© 2016 Keysight Technologies
5G: Vision and Enabling Technologies
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3GPP Timeline 2014
2015
Research
2016
2017
2018
2019
Standards development
Products
WRC-15 Pre-standard research (vision, technology, spectrum)
2020
2021
2022
Commercial deployment
WRC-19 Technical reqs and evaluation methodology
Rel. 14
© 2016 Keysight Technologies
Proposal submission
Rel. 15
Rel. 16
Evaluation and specification
Rel. 17 & beyond
5G: Vision and Enabling Technologies
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Topics – 5G vision and requirements – Candidate Technologies • Sub-6 GHz: - Evolution of current cellular technology - New 5G air interface • Revolution of new radio access technology - Centimetre and millimetre wave radio access - Massive MIMO - In-band full duplex – 5G timeline – Keysight in 5G
5G: Vision and Enabling Technologies
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5G Early Research New Technologies -> New Challenges -> New Measurements 100x Data Rates 1000x Capacity
Requires Enabling Technologies – Some research topics are: • RF & µW (< 6GHz): - New PHY/MAC; up to 200 MHz BW
Drives Measurement Demands
1. Quantify new modulation & multiple-access schemes
• uW & mmWave (> 6 GHz): 100x Densification
1ms Latency
Reliability 99.999% 100x Energy Efficiency
- New PHY/MAC - 500 MHz to 2 GHz BW (depending on frequency)
2. Measure wide bandwidths, high frequencies, fast bit rates
• Channel models at mmWave: - Very little experience with radio-access technologies in the mmWave bands
• New waveform types and radio access technologies • Multi-antenna technologies such as Massive MIMO
© 2016 Keysight Technologies
3. Measurement & calibration of smart antennas 4. Modeling & validation of new networks
5G: Vision and Enabling Technologies
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5G System Performance Verification
{m } • Measurement IP t • BER/FER, EVM
• • • •
• • • • •
Waveform modulation
Constellations & MSE
BER
{mr}
Source encode Encrypt Channel encode Multiplex
Demultiplex Channel decode Decrypt Source decode
Advanced reference receiver Advanced algorithms Synchronization Channel estimation, equalization Interference cancellation
Quantization error Jitter Sampling Non-linearity Power consumption Impairments
• • • • •
Transmitter modeling
Multiple RF impairments PA non-linearity Phase shifter quantization Calibration Minimum number of RF chains
ANT
• • • •
Characterize waveform
• • • •
• mmWave channel model • Large scale antenna support
Spectrum
SNR
Channel
Demodulation and detecting
Optimize algorithms
© 2016 Keysight Technologies
Receiver modeling
CFO & Mismatch
channel model
ANT
• New 5G candidate waveforms • Multi-antenna signal processing (MIMO/BF)
• • • • •
Mutual coupling Antenna element failure Element position perturbation Calibration error Visualization
5G: Vision and Enabling Technologies
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Keysight Research Partnership & Collaboration Work with three parts of the industry: Top Examples
Commercial
Consortia
College
© 2016 Keysight Technologies
•Silicon: Qualcomm, Intel •NEM: Huawei, Ericsson, Nokia/ALU, Cisco •Operator: Docomo, KT, CMCC, AT&T, Vodafone •MEM: Samsung •EU/EC (FP7 & H2020) •China Future Forum •Korea 5G Forum •Japan 5GMF •University/Industry (NYU, 5GIC, etc.) •Top Comm’s Focused in US, Europe, Asia, Japan •Government: ETRI, ITRI, Fraunhofer, NIST, etc.
• Central Research Teams • Only High-risk precompetitive research • More companies will engage over time • “H2020” and “Universitybased”: Research funding & projects • “Government Based” ad hoc: Networking & Outbound • Universities plus government-sponsored research • Varying technologies and maturity
5G: Vision and Enabling Technologies
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Keysight Research Partnership & Collaboration C C Korea Telecom R
Multiple 5GPPP ETP Multiple
R 5G MFJapan Multiple
R 5G Forum Korea
U NYU Wireless mmWave
U UC San Diego Multiple
Docomo mmWave Channel
Multiple
P
MET5G 5G Metrology
R FutureForum China Multiple
P
mmMAGIC mmWave Air Interface
C China Mobile MIMO & TestBed
U Kwangwoon Univ Multiple
Recent Collaboration Announcements in Media – Keysight Technologies Collaborates with University of Bristol on 5G Wireless Technology Research
Key
http://about.keysight.com/en/newsroom/pr/2015/08sep-em15125.shtml
– Keysight Technologies Collaborates with NTT DOCOMO on 5G Wireless Communication Systems: http://about.keysight.com/en/newsroom/pr/2015/22jul-em15104.shtml
– Keysight Technologies, KT Corporation Sign Memorandum of Understanding to Collaborate on 5G Technology Development http://about.keysight.com/en/newsroom/pr/2015/24jun-em15094.shtml
– Keysight Technologies Participates in Joint Demonstration on Next-Generation 5G Wireless Communication Systems with China Mobile at Mobile World Congress, Feb 27, 2015 http://about.keysight.com/en/newsroom/pr/2015/27feb-em15047.shtml – Keysight Technologies Joins NYU WIRELESS to Advance 5G Mobile Technology, Dec 8, 2014 http://about.keysight.com/en/newsroom/pr/2014/08dec-em14178.shtml
– Keysight Technologies and Kwangwoon University Radio Research Center Co-host 5G and mmWave Workshop, Dec 4, 2014 http://about.keysight.com/en/newsroom/pr/2014/04dec-em14174.shtml
C Commercial Collaboration U University Collaboration P Consortium Research Project R Regional/Country Consortium U NTU Taipei Multiple
– Keysight Technologies Supports B4G/5G Technology Development at National Taiwan University’s High-Speed Radio Frequency and mmWave Center, Oct 21, 2014 http://about.keysight.com/en/newsroom/pr/2014/24oct-em14155.shtml – Keysight Technologies Joins 5G Forum in South Korea, Aug 11, 2014 http://about.keysight.com/en/newsroom/pr/2014/11aug-em14115.shtml
© 2016 Keysight Technologies
5G: Vision and Enabling Technologies
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Keysight Research Partnership & Collaboration Collaboration example with CMCC •
Keysight is collaborating with CMCC on 5G research – technology called “Smart Tile”
•
Antenna array can be built into the signage of a building rather than part of a cell-tower; with arrays of up to 128 channels
•
Keysight is currently providing test solutions for ALL phases of CMCC’s development cycle – from simulation to characterization and test of the Smart Tile arrays Smart Tile
10x16cm (current size)
Prototype test-bed
Smart Tile LSAS
128 antennas
EDA design simulation
BBU pool + LSAS + multiple UEs Multi-channel Beam-forming Measurements
RF Measurements
CPRI Interface Card 89600 VSA
© 2016 Keysight Technologies
5G: Vision and Enabling Technologies
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UC San Diego 60 GHz Link Measurements with Keysight Equipment
DARPA DAHI Wafer-Scale Program
Link distance: 30, 100 meters
100 meters EVM (20%) 1.5 Gbps +/-45o scan
30 meters EVM (9.5%) 2-4 Gbps +/-45o scan
~100 meters
© 2015 Keysight Technologies
5G: Vision and Enabling Technologies
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NYU Communication Systems Modeling with Systemvue HybridBeamforming_WideBand.wsv Channel Estimation Solution in OFDMbased Hybrid Beamforming System
5th Generation Communications Systems Modeling using SystemVue
Scenario: * OFDM-based Hybrid Beamforming System * Realistic wideband HBF Channel Estimation Solution * Various channel H in different subcarriers * Two step channel estimation approach
Fc : 28.5GHz Optimal Tx/Rx beams estimation
Configuration: * UPA/ULA Antenna Array * OmniDirectional / 3Sectors / Custom Antenna Pattern * Modified 3GPP 3D Channel Model (Max 256 Antennas) and NYU Channel Model
MIMOPrecoding FlexOFDM_Sig DataInfo2
p2Out
FlexOFDM MIMO
TxWeights
FlexOFDM_Const
Source RF
RxWeights
RF
DataInfo1 FlexOFDM_RF
DataIn
H
DataOut
ArrayCouple
MultiCh Noise Density
MIMO_3DChannel_RF SigOut
ChannelNum=16 [Nt]
ArrayCouple
ChannelNum=4 [Nr] ChannelModelType=NYU_Model NDensity=-92.627 dBm [NDensity_dBm] ScenarioType=UserDefined CarrierFrequency=28.5e+9 Hz ChannelLinkDirection=Downlink NumberofTx=16 [Nt] TxAntennaPatternType=OmniDirectional NumberofRx=4 [Nr] RxAntennaPatternType=OmniDirectional
RF_Tx Ntrf=1 [Ntrf] NumOfTxAntx=1 [NumOfTxAntx] NumOfTxAnty=4 [NumOfTxAnty] NumOfTxAntz=4 [NumOfTxAntz] TxAntennaArrayMask=(16x1) [1; 1; 1; 1… TxPhaseShifterDistortion=(16x1) [1; 1… TxAntArrayWindowType=None
11010
RF
SigIn
TX
OFDM_Source DFTSize=64 [Num_Subcarriers]
SyncEn
TX/RX BEAM GENERATORS
WIDEBAND BF CONTROL
DataIn
DataOut
FlexOFDM_RF
BitsOut
NumOfRxAntx=1 [NumOfRxAntx] NumOfRxAnty=4 [NumOfRxAnty] NumOfRxAntz=1 [NumOfRxAntz] Nrrf=1 [Nrrf] RxAntennaArrayMask=(4x1) [1; 1; 1; 1] RxPhaseShifterDistortion=(4x1) [1; 1] RxAntArrayWindowType=None
PLOT CONTROL
MIMOPrecodingMatrix
OFDM_Rx DFTSize=64 [Num_Subcarriers]
THROUGHPUT CONTROL
MultiCh_Delay
Frf
TEST
Wrf
HBF_TxBeamGenerator
Fre Si g HBF_ Co n tro l l e r_ WB
REF
PlotControl
Wrf Frf
HBF_TxBeamGenerator
Rx Be a m En a b le
Sy n c Id x _ d elay Rx We i g h ts HBF_ Rx Be a m Ge n e rator
Wrf_ Da ta
HBF_RxBeamGenerator
SyncIndex
Fl e x OFDM _ M IM O_ Re c e i v e r_ RF
RX
NumOfTxAntx=1 [NumOfTxAntx] NumOfTxAnty=4 [NumOfTxAnty] NumOfTxAntz=4 [NumOfTxAntz] NumOfTxRFChains=1 [Ntrf] NumOfRxAntx=1 [NumOfRxAntx] NumOfRxAnty=4 [NumOfRxAnty] NumOfRxAntz=1 [NumOfRxAntz] NumOfRxRFChains=1 [Nrrf]
NumOfChannels=1 [Ntrf] N=16 [Nt]
TIMING CONTROL
PRECODER FEEDBACK
MultiCh_Delay
Sy n c En
Rx Be a m En a ble
TimingControl
NumOfChannels=1 [Nrrf] N=4 [Nr]
Sy n c Idx
Sy n c Id x _ d elay
OutputTiming=BeforeInput
5G: Vision and Enabling Technologies © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Measurement Science and Tools For 5G research and insight RF/µW/mmWave wideband signal generation & analysis
Design simulation & verification EEsof EDA is the leading Electronic Design Automation (EDA) and simulation software for communications product designs
High performance instrumentation and software to generate and analyze the signals
Signal generation & analysis
Design simulation & verification
mmWave component characterization
mmWave component characterization
World's most integrated and flexible test engine to perform complete linear and non-linear component characterization
© 2016 Keysight Technologies
High speed digital and optical
High speed digital and optical Widest and fastest measurements in the industry 5G: Vision and Enabling Technologies
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Keysight Test Solutions for 5G Research Benchtop and modular signal generation and analysis Wideband RF/µW/mmWave Reference Solution
Channel Sounding Reference Solution
Sub-6 GHz MIMO Phase Coherent Signal Generation & Analysis
Signal Generation & Analysis
Massive MIMO Transmitter & Receiver M8195A 65 GSa/s Arbitrary Waveform Generator with M8197 Synchronization module
M9703A AXIe 12-bit HighSpeed Digitizer/Wideband Digital Receiver
SystemVue Simulation Software with 5G Library
Signal Studio Software with Custom 5G
© 2016 Keysight Technologies
89600 VSA Software with Custom OFDM/Demod
5G: Vision and Enabling Technologies
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SystemVue 5G Baseband Exploration Library Industry’s first 5G baseband exploration library W1906BEL 5G baseband exploration library - A flexible platform for innovation
• Physical layer modeling of 5G PHY candidate and MIMO • C++ source code enables early research, with a versatile simulation platform • Keysight is committed to evolve toward the world’s first 5G standard compliant library
Modeling New Physical Layer
Multi-Antenna Techniques
Platform Enables “V” Lifecycle
Tackling Multi-Domain Issues
– Provides 5G candidate TX/RX waveforms • Multi-carrier modem Tx/Rx processing chain • FBMC,OFDM, etc… – Usable with 4G standard library
– Advanced / adaptive signal processing • MIMO • Digital beamforming – Combined 2D/3D MIMO channel simulation(W1715)
– Realistic RF environments – Polymorphic Baseband modeling • Custom C++ model builder • MATLAB® • HW implementation
– Integrates with additional technology domains • SystemVue • ADS/EMPro • Keysight Instruments
© 2016 Keysight Technologies
5G: Vision and Enabling Technologies
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Questions?
5G: Vision and Enabling Technologies
Thank you!
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