DONAN: CE Seminar Birmingham, AL

9/02/2015

Asphalt Shingle Roofing: Wind & Hail 201 Presented by: J. Marvin Aikens III, P.E., CFEI DONAN Regional Engineering Manager 800.482.5611, 2095 www.donan.com

Goals • Let’s have some fun! • Let’s learn about hail and wind damage • Let’s have an interactive discussion, ask questions.

www.DONAN.com – 1.800.482.5611

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DONAN: CE Seminar Birmingham, AL

9/02/2015

Outline • Information on asphalt shingles • General hail information • Hail inspections

• General wind information • Wind inspections • Storm data

How popular are asphalt shingles? • Four out of five homes are roofed with asphalt shingles. …80 percent of homes!!! • Over 12.5 billion square feet of asphalt shingle products are manufactured annually. – 12.5 billion square feet is enough to cover more than 5 million homes every year. – 12.5 billion square feet is equivalent to approximately 450 square miles or ½ of Rhode Island’s area!

www.DONAN.com – 1.800.482.5611

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DONAN: CE Seminar Birmingham, AL

9/02/2015

What makes up a 3-tab asphalt shingle?

What makes up a laminate shingle?

9. Weathering-grade asphalt

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DONAN: CE Seminar Birmingham, AL

9/02/2015

Asphalt Shingle Life Expectancy The life expectancy of asphalt shingles is determined by three factors: •

The slope of the roof: Shingles will last longer on higher sloped roofs because water sheds quickly and more completely.

•

The color of the roof: Lighter-color roofs last longer than darker roofs because they reflect the sun better and absorb less heat.

•

Exposure to the sun: North-facing shingles last longer than southfacing shingles because damaging ultra-violet (UV) rays of the sun.

Asphalt Shingle Life Expectancy As a Rule of Thumb (fiberglass-mat only): •

If asphalt shingles are properly installed on a well-ventilated roof with only one layer of shingles in place, on average they typically have life expectancies of 85-percent of the amount offered by their manufacturer’s limited warranty.

•

Some additional depreciation of this expectation for warranty durations beyond 30 years Shingle Warranty 20 years 25 years 30 years 40 years Lifetime

Average Life Expectancy1 ~18 years ~21 years ~25 years ~33 years ~40 years

1

This is not a scientifically verified average, but is based on Donan Engineering Company’s study of thousands of asphalt shingle residential roofs since the early 1980’s.

www.DONAN.com – 1.800.482.5611

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DONAN: CE Seminar Birmingham, AL

9/02/2015

Asphalt Shingle Life Expectancy

Advantages of Asphalt Products •

Weather resistance – resists sunlight, heat, cold, water and ice.

•

Fire resistance – manufactured to comply with American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards for fire resistance (ASTM E 108) –

Class A – severe exposure to fire

–

Class B – moderate exposure to fire

–

Class C – light exposure to fire

•

Wind resistance – comply with Underwriters Laboratories (UL), ASTM or other windresistant standards – winds up to gale force.

•

Economy – Efficient, high-volume production plus relatively low cost of application. Moderate installed costs combined with long service life give asphalt roofing products a very low annual or life-cycle cost.

•

Ease of application – Asphalt roofing is considered to be the easiest of all standard roofing materials to apply.

www.DONAN.com – 1.800.482.5611

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DONAN: CE Seminar Birmingham, AL

9/02/2015

Advantages of Asphalt Products

•

Adaptability – Because of the flexibility and strength, asphalt roofing products can be applied on a wide variety of roof styles.

•

Aesthetics – Available in many appealing colors; shapes and dimensional depths that provide bold roof appearances.

•

Style suitability – Asphalt roofing is completely “at home” with most architectural styles, whether contemporary, modern, or traditional.

•

Low maintenance – Properly applied asphalt products require little or no regular upkeep and are easily repaired if damaged.

How Asphalt Shingles Are Made

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DONAN: CE Seminar Birmingham, AL

9/02/2015

How Asphalt Shingles Are Made A conventional three-tab shingle and a conventional dimensional (“architectural”) shingle are both made of the same materials, and differ only in how they are cut and assembled. While a three-tab shingle is a contiguous piece of material, a dimensional shingle is two separate pieces that are glued together to form an individual shingle. Installing nails in the proper locations is always important, but in the case of a dimensional shingle it is critical that the nails are put in the proper locations so that they go through both the top and bottom pieces of the shingle, thereby mechanically fastening them together. If this is not done and the nails are installed too high, the bottom piece can slide out from under the top piece, especially if the roof slope is steep and is exposed to direct sunlight and high temperatures, which makes the binding adhesive soft.

Available in “English” dimensions – 12" x 36" and in “Metric” dimensions – 13 ¼” x 39 3/8", depending on the product and sales region.

Note: The asphalt seal strip on dimensional shingles can be found either on the top (across the middle) or backside of the shingles (across the bottom). Its location depends on the manufacturer and sometimes varies amongst shingles produced from the same manufacturer.

How Asphalt Shingles Are Made Imitation Dimensional Shingles Imitation dimensional shingles have been made since the early 1990’s, and have a well documented history of varying forms of manufacturing defects. They are conventional three tab shingles with a cosmetic “patch” of varying colored granules that are strategically placed so the look has the appearance of a dimensional shingle. While manufacturers no longer produce imitation dimensional shingles, their use has been widespread, especially throughout the eastern and central U.S.

www.DONAN.com – 1.800.482.5611

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DONAN: CE Seminar Birmingham, AL

9/02/2015

Asphalt Shingle Warranties & Performance Expectations “What Coverage Does a Common Shingle Warranty Offer?” Unlike the workmanship warranty, which is generally negotiated in the job agreement, the product warranty is set in concrete by the manufacturer. It is limited. It is fixed. It is rigid. It cannot be altered by actions of the homeowner or the contractor. It is the responsibility of the contractor and the homeowner to read and comprehend all of the terms and conditions of the warranty.

Asphalt Shingle Warranties & Performance Expectations “What Coverage Does a Common Shingle Warranty Offer?”

www.DONAN.com – 1.800.482.5611

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DONAN: CE Seminar Birmingham, AL

9/02/2015

Asphalt Shingle Warranties & Performance Expectations “What Coverage Does a Common Shingle Warranty Offer?”

Asphalt Shingle Warranties & Performance Expectations “What Coverage Does a Common Shingle Warranty Offer?” GAF Corp.

CertainTeed Corp.

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DONAN: CE Seminar Birmingham, AL

9/02/2015

Poor Seal Strip Performance – Warehousing “Warehousing” is a term used to describe seal strip problems caused by shingles that remain in storage too long from the time of their manufacture until the time they’re installed on a roof or shingles that were improperly handled during their storage. The asphalt constituents of a shingle begin deteriorating as soon as they’re placed in the shingle packaging. Keeping shingles in storage too long (generally for more than a year), stacking shingles too high, or exposing them to direct sunlight and/or excessive heat in storage can greatly diminish the effectiveness of a shingle’s sealant strip when it is installed on a roof.

GAF Technical Steep Slope Technical Point No. I22-07

Poor Seal Strip Performance – Warehousing

Owens Corning Shingle Wrapper

GAF Technical Steep Slope Technical Point No. I22-07

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DONAN: CE Seminar Birmingham, AL

9/02/2015

Poor Seal Strip Performance – Warehousing What is wrong with the shingles in these photographs?

Poor Seal Strip Performance – Warehousing

If text is visible on the sealant strip, which transferred there from the thin plastic separators that kept them from sealing together in the package, it’s possible the shingles are suffering from “warehousing,” and never had a chance to seal properly.

www.DONAN.com – 1.800.482.5611

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DONAN: CE Seminar Birmingham, AL

9/02/2015

Poor Seal Strip Performance – Warehousing (and a BIG Contractor Installation Mistake)

Poor Seal Strip Performance – Warehousing (and a BIG Contractor Installation Mistake)

www.DONAN.com – 1.800.482.5611

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DONAN: CE Seminar Birmingham, AL

9/02/2015

Poor Seal Strip Performance – Winter Installation

GAF Technical Steep Slope Technical Point No. I33-07

Poor Seal Strip Performance – Winter Installation

GAF Technical Steep Slope Technical Point No. I33-07

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DONAN: CE Seminar Birmingham, AL

9/02/2015

Let’s talk about hail

Why do so many people incorrectly believe their roof has hail damage? • “Neighboritis syndrome” or roof envy • Contractor-driven door-to-door sales/solicitations – “My contractor said…” (fill in the blank)

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DONAN: CE Seminar Birmingham, AL

9/02/2015

General Hail Information • A transfer of energy takes place when a hailstone strikes a surface. • Angle of impact plays a large role • Softer the material, the more energy it absorbs resulting in more deformation/damage. • Material properties and underlying support of the object being struck have a significant effect on the amount of energy transferred.

Where is Damaging Hail Falling?

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DONAN: CE Seminar Birmingham, AL

9/02/2015

Hailstone Formation in a Supercell

Energy Carried by Hailstones Hail Fall-Speed Table (Greenfield, 1969)

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Hail Diameter

Terminal Velocity

Impact Energy1

Inches

Miles/hour

Foot-pounds

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50