9/17/2014

What About Efficiency?

Green Building Congress 2014

Typical energy consumption in office building rC Ai

Latest developments in VRV Technology

47%

Comp. Heat 20% transfer 27.2% Other utilities 20.5% Lighting 32.3%

47% of electricity is consumed by AC AC consumption reduction is prime target of energy saving

How does it possible to achieve energy saving and comfort simultaneously?

Sanjay Goyal Daikin Air conditioning India Pvt. Ltd. September 5, 2013

ondit io ning

Comfort

Energy saving

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Air-cooled VRV Project with LEED Platinum Certification This is the time to increase our efforts towards LEED certified Platinum rating

• Strengthen Green Building Movement • More energy efficient methods of operations

Project Name

CRISIL House

Location

Mumbai, India

BLD. Type

• High energy efficient products

Official Building

The Size of Bldg

9 Floors

• Habit of Energy Conservation Size of Project

• Best utilization of available Energy Resources. Central Controller

We are pioneering the movement with a large array of energy efficient products

Uniqueness

ODU - 73 No., HP – 1,092 VRVIII (Air Cooled) I-Manager

• Green building project => With Platinum rating • Design by Team of leading Architectural and HVAC Consultancy organisations. 4

Water-cooled VRV Project with

LEED Platinum Certification

LEED Platinum Certification

LEED certified Platinum rating

Project Name Location BLD. Type The Size of Bldg Size of Project Central Controller

Uniqueness

LEED certified Platinum rating

Suzlon

Project Name

Kirloskar Brother Limited

Location

Pune, India

BLD. Type

Official Building

Pune, India

Official Building

The Size of Bldg

8 – Blocks, 32 Floor ODU - 134 No., HP – 1,392 VRVIII ( WC)

Aircond. Q’ty

G+ 3 Floor

ODU - 69 No., HP– 704

I-Manager & BACnet

Application • Green building project => Highest Platinum rated building in India • Appreciation letter from customer for installation and project management

• Green building project => Platinum rated building • 1st Reference Site of VRV – WIII • Awarded appreciation letter by customer

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9/17/2014

Discussion Topics Emerging Space conditioning technology; Variable Refrigerant Volume (VRV)

VRV Development

Energy & Atmosphere - Efficiency of the system - Environment friendly Refrigerant Clean Project Management - IAQ management plan - Indoor environmental quality 7

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The 1st turning point

Background of Development of VRV

Inverter VRV!

1973 – Global oil crises (The 4th Arab-Israel War ) 1979 – New energy efficiency laws passes in Japan 1980 – Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 – The worlds first VRV System is launched

Its design flexibility expanded sales volume drastically.

5000

Inverter VRV

4000

Energy saving

3000 2000

Oil crisis Crude oil price

1000 0

The 1st generation Inverter VRV G series 9

1973

1974

9

Non-inverter VRV 1998

1999

1990

1991

Turning Point

10

Performance difference between 1982 and 2012 model

Technology Advancement Standard compressors to variable speed scroll compressors Direct driven outdoor fans to variable frequency drive,

1982

2014

inverter-driven fans

Energy Efficiency (COP)

2.78

4.30

Direct driven indoor coil motors to Inverter type motors

Max. refrigerant piping length difference between indoor & outdoor unit

70m

165m

Max. refrigerant piping height difference between indoor & outdoor unit

30m

90m

Capacity range – Outdoor unit

10，15HP

4~60HP

Capacity range – Indoor unit

2.5HP

0.8~20HP

Max. connectable indoor unit’s number

6 units

64 units

None

-Intelligent touch Controller - Intelligent Manager - Intelligent touch Manager (~2012) - BACNet interface - LonWorks Interface - Home Automation Interface (2012~) - A/C Network Service System

Approx. 5,000m2

No limit

Network control system

Target project size 11

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9/17/2014

Growth path experienced in all key VRV markets

Expansion of the country of sale Sales is undergoing in more than 70 countries Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Finland France Germany Greece

Algeria Burkina Fas o Egypt Ivory Coast Senegal South Africa Sudan

Hungary Ireland Italy Lithuania Macedonia Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Russia

120

Serbia Slovakia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey UK Ukraine

Bahrain Jordan Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia UAE

India Maldives Nepal Seychelles Sri Lanka

3. Steady Growth

100

 Japan  Australia  S. Korea  Singapore  Europe

80

Cambodia Malaysia Myanmar Philippine Singapore Thailand Vietnam

China Japan Korea Taiwan

Canada Mexico Puerto Rico USA

60

2. High Growth

x 25!

40

1. Tipping Point

Australia Fiji New Caledonia New Zealand Tahiti

Argentina Brazil Panama Peru

20

0 0

3

6

9

12

15

18

21

24

27

30

33

Years after introduction 13

14

VRV Architecture Variable Refrigerant Volume Outdoor Unit

Energy: Efficiency of the system

Indoor Units

•Independent control of each room and zone’s air conditioning according to thermal load. •Automatic control of each indoor unit •Energy conservation. 15

Groundbreaking technology applied to VRV

Essential technologies ⇒ Energy saving is achieved by: - Lowering condensing temperature - Increasing evaporating temperature

 Compressor Variable speed inverter compressor Scroll compressor with relief mechanism Reluctance DC motor (IPM（Inner Permanent Magnet) synchronous motor) Neodymium magnet Sensor-less DC inverter Sign wave inverter

-10℃

60℃

40℃ 50℃ 20℃ 30℃ 0℃ 10℃

70℃80℃90℃100℃110℃120℃

-20℃

Compresso r

圧力[MPa]

-30℃

1

Output current after correction Scroll Type

0.1 150

200

250

300 350 エンタルピ[ｋJ/kg]

Heat exchanger

400

450

500

Fan

Reluctance DC Motor

Enthalpy (Kcal/kg)

Aero Spiral Fan

D.I.S.O. Circuit

– Sub cool circuit for longer piping – e-Pass cooling pipe location

Former Fan model

17

Liquid refrigerant

High Temp. gas

To compensate refrigerant flow velocity reduction caused by gas condensation, 2 passes are combined into 1 restricted to 1. Heat exchange efficiency 11% UP

 Control system Hi-speed DIII protocol Intelligent-Manager, Intelligent-touch-Controller、Intelligent-touch-Manager BACNet Interface, LONWorks Interface A/C Network Service System (AIRNET, Energy Saving AIRNET)

Standard Inverter

R410A

 Heat exchanger

– – – –

Sine-wave DCInverter

10

Pressure (MPa)

– – – – – –

16

Aero Spiral Fan

18

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9/17/2014

System Parts with built-in Inverters

System Capacity Control According to the readings of 4 sensers, every 5 sec., CUP calculates optimum capacity and adjusting EEV in PID (Propotional Integral & Derivative) action. PID control ensures optimum comfort.

 The motor of the compressor, the heart of an air conditioner, consumes most power.

Ｍ

INV

Fan motor

2

Ｍ

3

4

Fan

CPU Liquid

T1

Outdoor unit

INV

Air

1

INV

PCB

Ｍ

Compressor motor

Evaporator

Ｍ

T2

Discharge

Air

INV

Gas

Each indoor controls its capacity via PID control and an E.E.V.

T3

Electronic expansion valve

INDEPENDENT BRAIN

Air

T4

Suction

Electronic expansion valve motor

PCB

PCB

INV

Inverter device 19

Partial load Performance Yearly Cooling hours 100%

140

90%

100 80 60

Condensing unit adjust the inverter compressor to provide the required capacity (Low or High)

T1 = Refrigerant IN temp. T2 = Refrigerant OUT temp. T3 = Return air temp. T4 = Set temp. of RC 20

High Efficiency on Partial Load

Daily occupancy ratio

160

120

RC

Indoor unit fan motor

Major operation range : > 38C

COP

7.0

80% 70% Design condition Less than 10 hrs In a year

50%

Random occupancy

20%

20

Cooling COP

4.3

6.0

40% 30%

40

6.6

6.5

60%

5.5

10%

0 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46

Ambient Temperature (℃)

5.0

0% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Time

4.5

AC is selected for maximum load but operated under fluctuating partial load almost all time

Nominal COP *

Load Area

4.0 20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Cooling Load

Quick and efficient traceability for the load fluctuation Quick capacity adjustment for changing load

* 8 HP

Partial Load gives high efficiency , Most of the time building run on partial Loads

Adjusting refrigerant flow

COP = Cooling capacity /Power Input 21

Individual Control

22

Inverter Technology

 Operations as per building need

Stable temperature control by electronic expansion valve and inverter compressor

 Precise Temperature Control

Room Temperature

 Consumes Energy as per cooling load

30 25

15 User benefit - User can save energy by avoiding useless operation

Set Temp.

20  Automatically adjusts compressor speed to meet load  Strives to run long periods at very low speeds  Reduce cyclic losses  Improve temperature controls

10 23

20

30

40 Time

50

60

70

Min. 24

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9/17/2014

VRT Control Innovative New Technology !

VRT (Variable Refrigerant Temperature)  Cooling load is always changing  How can we achieve best performance in unstable condition?

Recent Development

Targets

Methods

Results

Compressor speed change

Inverter

Ref. Volume change

Evaporating temp. change

VRT

Comp. Work change New!

25

VRT Control

26

VRT Control

Comp. Work (power consumption) reduction Ref. Temp.

TC (Cond. Temp.)

Comp. Work Comp. Work Power consumption

VRT

TE

Reduction

Reduction

(Eva. Temp.)

Inverter 100% Ref. flow

50%

27

High Efficiency Scroll compressor

Reason – Higher efficiency at cooling VRT

COP

Because of smaller high & low pressure difference!

28

• A 50% thinner & 20% higher scroll blade, which is realized by adapting newly developed material, increases compression volume by 50%.

Conventional A/C

Ref. Eva. temp.

VRT

Capacity

Cooling load & capacity

2.4 times stronger !

Load

100%

50% thinner

Conventional A/C 25%

Outdoor Temp.

35℃

30℃

25℃

20℃

50% more compression volume

20% higher 30

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9/17/2014

Air net System: Energy Saving This system tunes the air conditioner according to customer's outdoor indoor location, operating conditions and day by day weather condition.

System overview

17 Weather data locations from India Airnet Control Center (ACC)

Spot forecast

Weather Association Forecast Data

Customer

Environment

Optimized energy saving setup

Remote energy saving tune-up service (paid contract)

Optimized energy saving setup

I-Manager Operation data report (via phone line)

or

Operation data

I-Touch Controller

* Optional chargeable service

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Heat Transfer Media Why Refrigerant?

Environmental Consciousness

The commonly used methods of Heat Transfer in Air Conditioning solutions each exercise different operational characteristics regards adding or removing heat energy to a conditioned space as follows:

Air 0.14 watts/lb

RoHS (Reduction of Hazardous Substances)

2

High COP (lower global warming impact, lower running cost)

3

Less refrigerant (zero ODP, lower global warming impact)

Water 2.6 watts/lb

Refrigerant

25 watts/lb VAV

1

VWV

VRV

This diagram represents the energy transfer possible per lb of media due to the performance characteristic of the fluid used. 33

Case Study: Project @ Pune Energy Savings Proposal by Controller Scheduling Required by client Location

Time Morning Lunch

Further Energy saving through Smart Controller

Office Afternoon Evening

Hour 9:00 13:00 13:00 14:00 14:00 18:30

Set Temp. Mode Set

Remote Restriction

23-25°C Cooling

No

Morning

Yes

Up to Lift Lobby/ Lunch Common Afternoo areas n

-

Fan

24-26°C Cooling

18:30

No

Location

Stop All Systems

Time

Night

Hour

Set Temp. Mode Set

8:00 10:00 10:00 14:00 14:00 20:00 20:00 8:00

Remote Restriction

26°C

Cooling

No

-

Fan

Yes

26°C

Cooling

No

-

Fan

Yes

Total Testing Area 4 Floors: Right & Left Wing- 1 & 2 Floors

35

25/08/10~31/8/10 ( Previous conditions)

• Without Energy savings

1/09/10~7/09/10 ( Present conditions)

• With Energy savings Proposal Centralized System

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9/17/2014

Case Study: Project @ Pune

System Structure

Weekly Energy Savings after

before

kwh

Reduction- 22 %

350

325 kwh

300

250 Kwh 250 200 150 kwh 100 50

Day

0 25-Aug 26-Aug 27-Aug 28-Aug 29-Aug 30-Aug 31-Aug 1-Sep Mean Ambient temp

Wed

Thur

Fri

24

24

24

SaturdaySunday MondayTuesday Wed 24

24

25

25

25

1545 Kwh

2-Sep

3-Sep

Thur

Fri

25

25

4-Sep

5-Sep

6-Sep

For download PPD data and uploading project data

7-Sep

SaturdaySunday MondayTuesday 25

25

25

25

1202 Kwh

Energy savings weekly = 22 % Energy savings= (1545-1202)/1545*100

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38

Outdoor Air Processing Unit Enhanced design flexibility and a significant reduction in total system costs.  Fresh air treatment and air conditioning with a single system  Fan coil units for air conditioning and an outdoor-air processing unit can be connected to the same refrigerant line.

Indoor Environmental quality

39

Outdoor Air Processing Unit

40

Heat Reclaim Ventilation (HRV)

Enhanced design flexibility and a significant reduction in total system costs.  Fresh air treatment and air conditioning with a single system

Air Conditioning Load Reduced by Approximately 28%

 Fan coil units for air conditioning and an outdoor-air processing unit can be connected to the same refrigerant line.

VRV Indoor unit

HRV

• ON/OFF signal

LCD remote controller for indoor unit

• Cooling/Heating mode signal • Set temperature signal • Ventilation signal

Ex. air

Hot F.A.

23C 50%

35C 80%

• Failure detection signal HRV recovers heat from Exhaust air

Cooled FA

Exhaust air

27.5C 75% 41

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9/17/2014

Future direction Multi function Super large project Integration with applied system

Cooling/heating/ floor heating/hot water supply Cooling+heat recovery for hot water

Further HiCOP Hi-COP refrigerant Revolutionary compressor/hea t exchanger

Future Direction Optimization for residence Connection with HA automation Price optimization by residence concentrated specification

VRV

Diversification of the heat source Electric Gas Geo thermal etc

43

Multi function VRV

44

VRV for cold area

Air-conditioning

4HP – 48HP

Floor heating

10HP – 20HP Hot water supply

2 step compression type Hi-COP even at –20degC

45

Ice thermal storage VRV

46

CO2 VRV

10HP

Ice thermal storage tank

VRV

10HP – 42HP

47

48

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9/17/2014

Application of VRV technology on large size projects

Gas heat pump VRV

Typical cluster details: Size: 93,000 sqm Average floor plate size: Wing 1&4 2,600 sqm Wing 2&3 3,000 sqm Floor Levels Wing 1&4  2 Lower Ground Floor+Ground Floor+5 Floors Wing 2&3  2 Lower Ground Floor+Ground Floor+7 Floors

8HP – 50HP

Project Detail: EON Project Details:  SEZ “Special Economic Zone” project => VRV Biggest project  Location: Pune, India

Customer Criteria for A/C selection : VRV III was selected for it’s various practical benefits. 1.Phase wise installation and commissioning; 2.Energy Savings 3.Simplified Control and Maintenance 4.Independent AC system for each tenant

Equipment Configuration:

49

System Selected

VRV III (Total Capacity: 16512 HP, 928 ODU)

Refrigerant

R-410A

Outdoor Units

Heat pump types

Model

RXYQ18PY1: 896 nos. RXYQ12PY1: 32 nos.

Indoor Units

FXFQ-MVE (Ceiling Mounted Multi Flow Cassette): 6,600 nos.

Control System

Intelligent Manager III (DAM602B51: 32 nos.) 50

Thank you for your attention!

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