2010 CSU MASTER PLAN UPDATE Cleveland State University in collaboration with

Cleveland Urban Design Collaborative, KSU

Prepared by Kent State University’s Cleveland Urban Design Collaborative 1309 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, Ohio 44115 (216) 357-3434

In collaboration with Cleveland State University Division of Capital Planning 2121 Euclid Avenue Rm. 225 Cleveland, Ohio 44115 (216) 687-5121

CONTENTS OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................... 5 BACKGROUND ..........................................................................................................10 PRINCIPLES .................................................................................................................12 MASTER PLAN MAP ...................................................................................................16 RECOMMENDATIONS ...............................................................................................18 Connections .................................................................................................................18 Green Space Network ...................................................................................22 University Development ................................................................................28 Joint Development .........................................................................................31 Private Development .....................................................................................35 IMPLEMENTATION ....................................................................................................36 Phasing Plan ...................................................................................................36 Development Areas .......................................................................................42 APPENDIX A: General Guidelines .........................................................................................50 APPENDIX B: Record of University Master Plans .................................................................59 APPENDIX C: Campus Security Standards and Systems........................................................64 CREDITS: Architects, Planners, Photographers...............................................................72

OVERVIEW Cleveland State’s commitment to reinvigorating its physical setting will strengthen the University while providing a powerful stimulus for redevelopment in downtown Cleveland. The Cleveland State University Master Plan establishes a framework for University and University-related development. It includes locations for new CSU facilities and it establishes a development zone at the periphery of campus where private sector residential and commercial development can occur, in partnership with CSU. There is a change underway at Cleveland State, where the old model of the University as an enclosed, separate community is being turned inside out. The new Cleveland State aims to be an integral part of downtown Cleveland. University and private-sector development will transform CSU and the surrounding neighborhood into a vital, thriving downtown destination.

Figure 1: Main Classroom Atrium

Increasing the number of students, faculty, and staff who live on or near campus is a priority in the master plan. The plan addresses quality of life issues that ensure the campus is a safe and appealing place, both for commuter students who comprise the majority of the current CSU community and for an increasing number of campus residents that the University plans to attract. In the master plan, academic functions are concentrated between Chester and Euclid Avenues, filling in the larger gaps between existing buildings to create a cohesive campus core. The University’s vast acreage of surface parking lots north of Chester Avenue will be replaced by parking structures distributed throughout the campus. Concentrating parking in strategically located structures frees up land for the development of housing and athletic facilities and provides convenient access to campus facilities through a network of streets, pedestrian passages, and green spaces. New parking structures reduce demand for the existing main parking facility, located at the center of campus. This allows one bay of an upper parking deck to be removed in order to create a new central green space, the University Commons. 2010 Master Plan Update | 5

Figure 2: Green Roof on Recreation Center

6 | Cleveland State University

Figure 3 A & B: Landscaping on Euclid, native Ohio vegetation on green roof

Parks, landscaped areas, and playing fields will be expanded and enhanced as part of a campus-wide green space network, including:

• Connecting landscapes, which link key University destinations, provide • • •

Figure 4: Campus landscaping, Science & Research Center

appealing passages through campus, and enforce the University’s physical identity. External green spaces at public edges of the campus, thereby removing the perceived barrier between CSU and the surrounding City Internal green spaces, which serve the University community but are also accessible to the public. Limited access campus facilities, including athletic fields which are primarily programmed for University activities but will also be accessible, on a limited basis, to campus and neighborhood residents.

The plan identifies ways to improve north-south connections through the campus. Existing east-west connections are strong via Prospect, Euclid, and Chester Avenues which link the campus to Downtown, Midtown Corridor, health care facilities, and the suburbs. In contrast, connections to the north and south are indirect and unappealing, constraining the University’s relationship with the developing areas to the north of campus and with Cuyahoga Community College to the south. The plan addresses this issue by creating two north-south spines, one at East 19th Street and the other at East 24th Street. The spines are a combination of streets and pedestrian passages that connect directly to two new RTA transit stops along the Euclid Corridor.

Figure 5: Campus landscaping, Law Building east entrance 2010 Master Plan Update | 7

BACKGROUND The Master Plan capitalizes on new opportunities and a new spirit of openness and collaboration at Cleveland State University. Cleveland State University’s 1995 Master Plan, Pathways to Learning, analyzed campus facilities, expansion needs, and traffic patterns. The academic planning components of this earlier plan still hold true, but the new plan represents a critical shift in philosophy. Elements such as the science program expansion and increasing the housing options near campus become vital elements of the new vision. While the 1995 plan is essentially an inward-looking document, the 2004 update focused on how to connect the University to the surrounding community and to capitalize on opportunities for the University to collaborate with the private sector.

Figure 6: Farmer’s market on campus

The scope of the 2004 Master Plan included: • Identifying locations for new CSU facilities, including a College of Education, a Student Center, a Recreation Center, a Faculty Club, an Administrative Center, a new location for the bookstore, a field house, and a baseball field. • Improving the quality of campus life through better pedestrian access, enhanced on-campus open spaces, improved streetscape, and clearly defined, welcoming entries to the University core. • Assessing demand for residential, retail, and other development on or near campus and identifying appropriate sites for such development. The 1995 Master Plan addressed CSU’s facilities, infrastructure, and anticipated development needs, with a clear focus on the internal workings of the University.

Figure 7: View of Campus from Euclid Avenue 8 | Cleveland State University

Today, CSU is primarily a commuter university. Of 11,000 undergraduate and 5,000 graduate and law students, only 930 live on campus in Fenn Tower and Viking Hall. Some students live in nearby downtown apartment buildings, but the vast majority commute from elsewhere in the City and surrounding suburbs.

Figure 8: 2004 Master Plan

Because of the large percentage of commuters, parking and ease of access to the campus are key concerns. The campus currently has 4,602 parking spaces in structures and surface lots, and this is often inadequate to meet demand during peak periods. Of the 85 acres that the campus owns, 17 acres are devoted to surface parking. Green space and landscaped areas comprise a similar percentage of the total campus area. The combined area of campus buildings is 3.8 million square feet, including 17 academic buildings. Most buildings date from the inception of the University in the 60’s and 70’s and are oriented around a raised central platform. Many of the academic buildings are connected by the Inner.Link, a system of enclosed, elevated pedestrian walkways. In addition to the academic buildings, there are eight buildings devoted to administration and support, five parking garages, and the Wolstein Center.

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PRINCIPLES

Connect, Collaborate, Complement, Conserve The Master Plan is based on four principles for the University’s future development.

Connect…

Figure 9: College of Education

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Figure 10: Main Classroom Atrium

create functional and visual links to the City

Connect the CSU campus to the city. 1. Develop an integrated vehicular and pedestrian circulation pattern by reconstructing the street network. • Focus pedestrian traffic on city streets. • Disburse vehicular traffic more evenly throughout the campus. 2. Visually connect the campus to the city • Create views that orient campus users to the city. • Create views into campus by improving entries into campus with realigned and expanded staircases, new pedestrian spaces at ground level, and the removal of landscape mounds that obscure interior spaces. 3. Establish land uses that serve both CSU and the surrounding city. • Create edge zones with shared uses, improve the environment for commercial development. • Integrate commercial and residential opportunities with educational uses on the campus. • Promote the CSU market to the local business community. • Partner with civic leaders to promote public improvements and private development.

Three objectives provide a framework for development patterns and quality of life enhancements in and near the Cleveland State University campus. The following design objectives seek to create catalytic impacts to most benefit the planning area through coordinating University and private sector development. 1. RECONSTRUCT THE STREET GRID: Historically, the CSU campus was physically separated from the surrounding city. This occurred through street configurations and the raised, internal plaza at the center of campus. Restoring the street grid and simplifying intersections will further integrate the campus into the city and reduce the physical separation between “town” and “gown”. fig. 12

Figure 11: Diagram of green spaces connecting campus north to south

2. REACHING OUT TO THE CITY: CSU had long been perceived as a fortress, separate from its surroundings and unwelcoming to those outside the University. The plan has actively sought to remove real and perceived barriers between the University and the surrounding city. fig. 11 3. REACHING IN TO CAMPUS: The two transit stops for the Euclid Corridor Transit system on campus are key locations where the public will interface with the campus. Transit Oriented Development around these nodes will link people to University features and attractions. Using the street pattern of the neighborhood north of Chester Avenue to create on-campus roads and pedestrian paths will create views into the campus from the surrounding city. fig. 12

Figure 12: Diagram of street grid transforming the North Campus Neighborhood Development

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Collaborate

…leverage development opportunities

Figure 13: Euclid Commons, phase 1 (2010) & phase 2 (2011)

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Identify development opportunities on or near campus that will contribute to the long-term quality and function of the University and the surrounding neighborhood. 1. Identify locations for current and prospective University needs. 2. Consolidate development in catalytic locations. • Focus retail uses in two development nodes along Euclid at East 19th and East 24th. • Locate residential development to enhance the north-south pedestrian spines and Euclid retail nodes. 3. Collaborate with the private sector on new development. 4. Create a mixture of building types and uses. 5. Encourage the private development of retail, housing, and services that will provide a compelling reason for people to stay on campus. 6. Create clearly defined and attractive entry points to the campus from major thoroughfares.

Complement

…improve the character of campus spaces

Create a physical setting that encourages CSU students to stay on campus longer and invites the greater Cleveland community onto the campus.

Figure 14 A & B: Main Plaza and Parker Hannifin pathways

1. Develop and implement standards for the University’s physical identity, giving the campus an attractive, cohesive presence. 2. Continue to implement standards for campus safety, giving the campus a sense of security and comfort. (see Campus Safety Standards in Appendix C) 3. Strengthen the identity of campus as a distinct place, but continue to change the model from a “fortress” to an “oasis”. 4. Ensure that all new buildings are oriented toward the street and have a clear and welcoming entry. Retrofit existing buildings to meet this standard. 5. Develop a variety of active green spaces and gathering places that establish multiple centers of activity on campus.

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Conserve

…existing assets and the environment

Preserve and enhance the safety, convenience, and appeal of the campus for all users. Figure 15: Interior of Mather Mansion

Figure 16: Fenn Tower 14 | Cleveland State University

1. Retain and rehabilitate buildings of historic significance. 2. Encourage alternate modes of travel through well-designed bicycle, transit, and pedestrian facilities in order to reduce parking demand. 3. Increase parking density by replacing surface lots with well located parking structures more evenly disbursed, faced with retail or housing development. 4. Transform exterior pedestrian paths that are safe and interesting through added retail and residential development, a linked network of green spaces, and streetscape improvements.

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Figure 17: Main Master Plan projects 2004 - 2010

PROJECTS 1. East Garage (2006) 2. Recreation Center (2006) 3. Fenn Tower (2006) 4. Administration Center (2007) Elements Restaurant Howe Mansion (Parker Hannifin Hall) (2007) 5. Main Classroom (2008) plaza / elevator tower / honors college 6. Law Building (2008) 7. South Garage (2009) 8. Euclid Commons (2010) 9. College of Education (2010) 10. Student Center (2010) 11. RTA Transit Center (2010)

Master plan 2004 - 2010 Upon completion of the master plan in 2004 the University immediately began to implement the master plan. The first phase of the implementation included the Recreation Center, East Garage and Fenn Tower in 2006. Following this in 2007 the Administration Center and Parker Hannifin Hall. Major additions in 2008 included the Law Building renovation and the Main Classroom renovation, while in 2009 parking issues were addressed with the completion of the South Garage. The year 2010 marks the beginning of Phase II development for the CSU campus, following monumental accomplishments of the opening of the new College of Education and Human Services Building, Student Center, Euclid Commons housing development, and the new RTA Transit Center.

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ACADEMIC PROGRAMS & ADMINISTRATION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Keith Building * Business College Urban Affairs Building Potential academic building Law Library Law Building Campus Safety building Potential academic space above parking 9. Music & Communication 10. Proposed Visual Arts Center 11. Rhodes Tower 12. Main Plaza 13. Main Classroom building 14. Potential new science building 15. Science Quad 16. Science & Research Center 17. Potential extension to Science & Research Center 18. Stilwell Hall 19. Science Building 20. Wallingford Coffee 21. Plant Annex 22. Plant Services 23. Physical Education Building 24. College of Education & Human Services 25. Parker Hannifin Hall 26. Parker Hannifin Administration Center

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ATHLETIC PROGRAM 27. Krenzler Field 28. Proposed locker facility 29. Softball field 30. Malaga Tennis Center 31. Proposed baseball facility 32. Proposed diving pavilion 33. Wolstein Center 34. Potential Athletic Department extension

CITY LANDMARKS 50. Tower Press* 51. Norton Furniture* 52. Allen Theater* 53. Playhouse Square Theater District* 54. Mather Mansion (proposed boutique hotel) 55. CAMP Building 56. Trinity Cathedral* 57. Mather House* 58. RTA Transit Center* 59. Walker Weeks Building*

HOUSING & RETAIL 35. Proposed market rate housing 36. Proposed Doan Electric conversion 37. North Campus housing 38. Fenn Tower 39. College Town* 40. Mixed use development 41. Euclid Commons housing complex 42. Heritage Apartments (YMCA) 43. Proposed new retail

STUDENT AMENITIES 60. Recreation Center 61. Student Center 62. Potential retail/commercial expansion * non CSU owned

PARKING 44. Potential parking garage 45. Proposed North Garage 46. West Garage 47. East Garage 48. Prospect Garage 49. South Garage

The master plan reinforces the campus core and reaches out to the surrounding city. New residential neighborhoods at the edges of campus break down the barriers between “town” and “gown.”

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Figure 18: CSU Master Plan Update 2010

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RECOMMENDATIONS Connections: Euclid Corridor The Euclid Corridor Project transformed the Euclid Avenue right-of-way through the CSU campus, providing new sidewalks, lighting, and landscaping. Two transit stops have been created for the campus, one at East 19th and the other at East 24th. Private development such as College Town is beginning to grow in effect because of these developments. New University development along Euclid will also promote transit ridership and reinforce the prominence of the campus along the new corridor.

Connections: Chester Avenue

Figure 19: Improvements along Euclid cooridor set the stage for future development

Through the North Campus Neighborhood Development, University athletic facilities, housing, and parking structures are planned for this northern area, making improved pedestrian linkages across Chester will reinforce connections to the north. Signage, building entries, and landscaping should take into account views of the campus from Chester. Extending view corridors into the campus will help to visually reconnect the campus with the surrounding city. Building entries and landscape features should terminate these axial views into campus from the north.

Connections: Entry Points Providing highly visible, welcoming building entries is a priority. New buildings should be oriented toward Euclid, Chester, or one of the north-south spines and should have easily identifiable and accessible entries. Retrofitting existing buildings with new entries has proven very successful and should be an ongoing focus of the University. (exemplified by fig. 20 & 21) Figure 20: Law Building new entry (Euclid) 18 | Cleveland State University

Figure 21: Main Classroom new entry (north facade)

The master plan connects the campus to the surrounding city, establishes a campus-wide green space network, and sets up opportunities for University and private-sector development.

Connections: Innerbelt alternatives The Ohio Department of Transportation is currently studying how the Innerbelt can be reconfigured to improve safety and traffic flow. CSU’s continued participation in the Innerbelt study is essential to ensure that the final outcome improves access to campus and supports the University’s development goals. The current proposal eliminates the ramp at Prospect and establishes a frontage road on either side of the Innerbelt. The frontage roads would extend from Superior to Chester with direct access to the freeway, then south of Chester to Carnegie as local streets. This alternative benefits CSU by re-establishing the city street grid at the eastern edge of campus. As such, the frontage roads need to be designed to look and function like city streets. The elimination of the entry ramp will also free up land for potential University development. The University endorses improving the connections over the Innerbelt in two locations; on Euclid toward Midtown and on E 24th toward Cuyahoga Community College. The University also endorses maintaining the urban street edge at both locations through the construction of a cap to support development on either side of each bridge.

Figure 22: I-90 on the east side of CSU campus 2010 Master Plan Update | 19

Figure 23: Connections through green space networks

Figure 24: E. 19th Street rendering

Figure 25: E. 24th Street looking north

Connections: North-South Spines Creating inviting routes through campus in the north-south direction will encourage the CSU population to interact with the surrounding city and will provide access to campus amenities for visitors and residents of adjacent neighborhoods. • The East 19th Street spine connects the Tower Press live/work development and the Plain Dealer building through campus to the Wolstein Center, the planned RTA Transit Center, College Town development, and Playhouse Square. Along the way, the spine links University buildings, athletic facilities, and a series of green spaces. • The East 24th Street spine connects new student housing at Euclid and East 24th, to the Recreation Center and the North Campus Neighborhood. 20 | Cleveland State University

Figure 26: Banner signage

Figure 27: Campus exterior identification

Figure 28: New campus entry identification

Connections: Signage & Wayfinding The CSU Division of Capital Planning is responsible for signage throughout campus including way finding elements and environmental graphics. The campus seeks to explore newer more comprehensive way finding elements such as building, parking lot, room and donor identifications. Some remaining components of older signs remain, while most older sign systems have been replaced. A comprehensive standard for signage is being developed that will define standards for both interior and exterior signage along with unique signage elements that may only occur in isolated instances. Exterior signage standards should be kept to regulate a unified aesthetic across campus. Temporary signs will also be held to a standard defining material, content, and duration of display. Interior signs while not always as prominent will be necessary for more specific navigating needs, and should additionally uphold the university’s image. Lastly the case can be made for other types of special signage, such as the wind turbine, Rhodes Tower, and the plaza fountain as well as electronic message boards, decals, and beacons of identification. 2010 Master Plan Update | 21

Figure 29: Euclid Ribbon Plan, NBBJ

Green Space Network: Euclid Ribbon

Figure 30: Euclid Ribbon counterpoint diagram, NBBJ

Euclid Avenue is a major transit street for Cleveland and plays a vital role in the connection of many of Cleveland’s major institutions and attractions. For this reason Euclid Avenue is an important part in the identity and accessibility of Cleveland State University. The northern Euclid frontage currently consists of a series of open spaces that act as front lawns to the University’s facilities. Random setbacks of campus buildings here create and undulating street edge and draw pedestrians into campus while creating a counterpoint to the hard edge of the southern Euclid frontage. The Euclid Ribbon creates a unique identity benefiting the University as well as the City. Enhancing the University’s front door should provide many of the following: • A unified edge along Euclid. • Strong connections between the University and the city. • A clearly identifiable address for the campus. • Places for social interaction between the University’s occupants and the general public. • Strategically integrate art in a way that is both beautiful and functional. • Set a precedent for future campus development.

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Figure 31: Performance Plaza existing conditions

Figure 32: Performance Plaza light wells

Green Space Network: Performance Plaza The Music Department is one of CSU’s hidden treasures. Increasing the visibility of the Music and Communications building would help to cultivate a larger and more diverse audience for musical performances.

• A new landscaped courtyard at the building’s front door will provide an

attractive setting for the building, including outdoor performance spaces. This is a key component of the Euclid Ribbon initiative.

Figure 33: Proposed design for the performance plaza 2010 Master Plan Update | 23

Figure 34: Proposed site plan for farmer’s market along Euclid

Green Space Network: Farmers Market The University has undertaken several green initiatives for the overall improvement of the campus and campus lifestyle. With the demolition of the Corlett building on Euclid, the University has an ideal location to activate a temporary vacant space with a positive lifestyle activities such as a local farmer’s market. Before other campus buiding development may take place in this location it will not only be a beautifully landscaped and social space on the edge of Euclid, but will promote the cultural activities in greater Cleveland.

Figure 35: Farmers market in use by the community

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The proposed farmer’s market venue will utilize a variety of elements to craft an outdoor space that is bright, energetic, and has a capacity for a number of venues. Some partially enclosed structures will provide a scattering of color as well as storage facilities and amenities for the market and the outdoor space.

Figure 36: Farmer’s market entertainment

Figure 37 A & B: Market produce

Green Space Network: Campus Amenities As the local amenities grow on the campus the University hopes to foster a stronger image as a place where students and the community can truly thrive. In addition to the farmer’s market, locations like the Corlett Plaza will be well suited for other seasonal activities such as ice skating, sculpture exhibits, and musical performances, as well as a more generalized location for students to congregate and study. The University aims to add a more vibrant atmosphere in a way that is complimentary to the existing context of the campus as well as promoting a more comfortable social environment.

Figure 38: Perspective sketch of proposed farmers market improvements

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Figure 39: Main Plaza from Main Classroom Building

Figure 40: Students taking break between classes, Main Plaza

Green Space Network: Central Commons For an urban campus, CSU has an abundant amount of landscaping, but existing spaces are fragmented and underutilized. The Main Plaza space, at the center of campus, links colleges and departments within the University and provides a gathering space that is open and inviting to all. Improved circulation and wayfinding and increasing green space are key to extending the Main Plaza toward the west. Through the introduction of a new pedestrian bridge over E.21st Street, a garden roof will replace a modest number of parking spaces on the existing parking structure and terminate in a new circulation tower connecting to grade and the Law Library. The Science Quad, on the site of the existing Chester Annex, extends the Central Commons to the east. Existing green spaces, including the courtyard outside the Law Library at the western end of campus and the landscaped area at the entrance to the Physical Education Building, are linked to the Central Commons. The Central Commons will unite the University and provide an attractive passage through the campus core. 26 | Cleveland State University

Figure 41: Mather Mansion built in 1910

Figure 42: Fenn Tower

Figure 43: Mather House

Figure 44: Heritage Apartments, YMCA building

University Development: Historic Buildings Historic buildings at Cleveland State add architectural diversity to the campus and provide a tangible link to the City’s past. The reuse of buildings also reduces environmental impacts of demolition and new construction. Wherever feasible, the University will preserve historic buildings, either for University uses or private sector redevelopment. The University has embarked upon an ambitious program to renovate and reprogram historic buildings on campus. This program began with the renovation of Fenn Tower into student housing (2006) and the Howe Mansion (Parker Hannifin Hall) for administrative offices (2007). This program will continue with the renovation of the Mather Mansion. MATHER MANSION was built in 1910 as the home of local industrialist Samuel Mather. It is one of very few residences remaining from historic Euclid Avenue and the “Millionaire’s Row” era. The building, which is on the National Register of Historic Places, will be renovated into a boutique hotel.

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University development: Planned development There are several new buildings and building additions planned for the CSU campus: ALLEN THEATER COMPLEX In partnership with Playhouse Square Foundation and the Cleveland Playhouse, the CSU theater program may be housed within the historic Allen Theater. DIVING PAVILION This building may be added to the existing PE Building and provide world-class NCAA competition facility. This will allow the University to host international swimming and diving competitions. SCIENCE FACILITY EXPANSION Demolish the existing Chester Building and replace with a new state-of-the-art Science Building. Build an expansion of the Science and Research Center toward Euclid and re-clad the existing Science Building.

Figure 45: Backstage Allen Theater

FUTURE ACADEMIC PROGRAM EXPANSION Capitalize on available sites at: 19th and Chester north of the Law Library and on top of the exiting PF Garage, as well as a site on Euclid immediately south of the Music and Communications building. WOLSTEIN CENTER Expand the administrative space of the Athletic Department, currently divided between the Wolstein Center and Physical Education Building. FINE AND PERFORMING ARTS CENTER The Art and Theater Arts buildings will be redeveloped or demolished and potentially replaced with a building to be built on Euclid Avenue, creating a new home for the visual art program. This will increase the visibility of the programs and provide a better link to the cultural attractions at Playhouse Square.

Figure 46: Allen Theater 28 | Cleveland State University

Figure 47: Proposed Diving Pavilion

Figure 48 A & B: Main Classroom Atrium interior and exterior from Main Plaza

Figure 49: Students outside of Main Classroom Atrium

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Figure 50: East garage view from Chester Avenue

Figure 51: Example of retail facade on a of parking deck (Akron, OH)

University development: Parking Since 2004, CSU has been making a transition from a predominately commuter based campus to a campus with a pleasant residential atmosphere. A more dense and pedestrian campus environment is being created as acres of surface parking are being consolidated into parking structures. Between 2006 - 2010, several new structures were built on campus including the Recreation Center, Student Center and South Garage. These projects relocated and consolidated existing parking into new parking structures and surface lots. By the beginning of 2010 the East Garage (392) and a new South Garage (592) increased the new total parking on campus to 4,602 spaces. Additionally, through the North Campus Neighborhood initiative, CSU is planning on removing 1,347 parking spaces and replacing them with 3 parking structures and small surface lots totalling 1,856 spaces, with a net gain of approximately 509 spaces. Beyond the NCN initiative, the Master Plan identifies one additional parking structure on E 18th Street, north of Chester. Currently, surface parking lots cover 17 acres of campus land. Surface parking is an inefficient use of land that spreads parking far from classrooms and other campus destinations. Converting surface parking into strategically located structures will allow people to park closer to their destinations and will free up land for new University and private sector development that will enhance the campus environment. Active uses are encouraged for the ground level of all structures, including retail, businesses and studio space for art students. 30 | Cleveland State University

Figure 52: North Campus neighborhood rendering

Joint Development: North Campus Neighborhood (NCN) The proposed North Campus Neighborhood between Chester and Payne, is a concentration of university athletic facilities interwoven with new residential development. The NCN will provide a structured setting for university athletics while allowing residents access to a variety of green spaces. Currently, much of the land in the proposed NCN is used for surface parking. By relocating parking to new structures throughout the campus, approximately 25 acres of land will become available for the NCN development. Housing in the NCN will be integrated with the surrounding athletic fields and facilities. Residents will have access to the athletic fields when they are not programmed for University events. Residential development will be oriented to provide easy access to the core campus and will be laid out to take advantage of views into the new athletic fields. 2010 Master Plan Update | 31

Joint Development: Housing The market study prepared as part of the 2004 Master Plan identified demand for new housing units, including dormitories, married student housing, and faculty housing. This study measured only the existing demand for housing generated by existing faculty, students, and staff. The University hopes to attract a larger percentage of traditional, four-year college students by improving campus quality of life. These students will generate additional demand for housing on or near campus.

Figure 53 A & B: Euclid Commons student housing, Prospect & Euclid facades

There is also potential demand for housing by those outside of the CSU community, including downtown workers and retirees who may choose to live in the area to be near cultural activities and amenities provides by the University, Trinity Cathedral, and Playhouse Square. The strategy for creating a new University-centered downtown residential district has been divided into the following initiatives: • Fenn Tower Completed 2006, this historic structure was converted into a 430 bed student residence hall. • Euclid Commons student housing development Planned for 2011 completion this multi-phased student housing development will consist of a 600 bed dormitory. • North Campus Neighborhood Development Multi-phased market rate housing surround athletic fields. (see page 29) • Viking Hall Block Mixed use housing with retail. RTA Prospect site • YMCA / Walker Weeks Block student housing

Figure 54: Fenn Tower

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Figure 55: Fenn Tower sign

Figure 56: Computer rendering of the transit station (Osborn)

Joint Development: Stephanie Tubbs Jones RTA Transit Center The RTA is building a new eastside transit center to serve as the hub for most east/west-bound buses. The transit center site lies just east of the Wolstein Center. This site will provide easy access for buses and commuters and include a bus turnaround and passenger boarding area. The northern end of the site will have a bus station with convenience retail uses adjacent to the boarding and waiting areas.

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Figure 57: Parker Hannifin Hall adjacent to Trinity Cathedral on Euclid Ave.

Figure 58: College Town development along Euclid

Joint Development: Spin-off, University-related businesses Proximity to a major university is an advantage for research-oriented businesses and technology transfer activities. The 2004 market study identified a need for office and laboratory space for consulting businesses and entrepreneurial activities of CSU faculty and staff. This facility could be located in an existing building, such as the Doan Electric or the Norton Furniture building, to accommodate anticipated demand for a faculty/staff business incubator.

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Figure 59: Elements restaurant on Euclid

Figure 60: Elements signage

Figure 61: Example of outdoor dining on Euclid

Private Development: Retail Appropriate levels of strategically located retail are necessary for expanding vitality on or near the college campus, meet current demand and respond to projected demand. The goal is to create a vibrant, new urban district with a quality of life that is authentic to CSU. Retail uses should be located on Euclid Avenue, particularly around the Euclid Corridor Transit stops, on the Euclid Avenue side of Fenn Tower, near Playhouse Square, along Prospect, between the Wolstein Center, the RTA Transit Center, and the North Campus Neighborhood.

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Figure 62: Daycare playground off Chester & E. 24th

Figure 63 A & B: Daycare activities

Private Development: Daycare The 2004 market study identified high demand for daycare in the Cleveland State community, particularly among students and staff. According to the study, there is existing demand for a 300 child-capacity facility (or facilities). Daycare must be conveniently located to serve both the CSU community and the general public, preferably close to major campus destinations. The University has built a 5,000 square foot daycare facility in the Recreation Center which services 68 children between 6 weeks and 5 years old. Additional locations could be considered near the East 24th Street spine and related to the North Campus Neighborhood.

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EAST PARKING GARAGE

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Figure 64: Phases of implementation of CSU Master Plan

SCIENCE BUILDING EXPANSION

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WOLSTEIN CENTER EXPANSION

MATHER BOUTIQUE HOTEL

IMPLEMENTATION

2012

4

PHASE

GREENING PARKING STRUCTURE +PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE +CENTRAL COMMONS

2009

2008

BOOKSTORE

2004

RECREATION CENTER

2006

2

PHASE

KRENZLER FIELD

2007

1

PHASE

2003

University and private sector development are intricately interwoven and transforming Cleveland State and the surrounding neighborhood into a vital, thriving downtown destination.

2010 Master Plan Update | 37

Figure 65: Recreation Center lobby

Figure 66: East Garage

Figure 67: Fenn Tower

First phase:

The first phase of work included projects that have been completed between 2006-2007:

• Soccer field: with an air supported dome structure and artificial turf completed fall 2005.



• Recreation Center : 125,000 sq. ft. includes a 5,000 sq. ft.

child care center completed August 2006. (LEED Certified) fig. 65

• East Parking Garage: 392 car parking garage completed fall 2006. fig. 66 • Fenn Tower: historic art deco high rise built in 1929 converted to student housing fall 2006. fig. 67

• Main Plaza: renovated in 2005 to include a granite fountain, heated snow melting system for walkways, and landscape was replaced to emphasize views to the city.

38 | Cleveland State University

Figure 68: Parker Hannifin Hall addition

Figure 69: Parker Hannifin Administration Center

Figure 70: Law Building entry (Euclid)

Second phase:

The second phase are projects that have been completed between 2007-2008:

• Euclid Ribbon: part of the Green Space Network that focuses on Euclid • • • •

connecting campus buildings through a common updated landscaping theme, site amenities, lighting, and a series of public art works. Parker Hannifin Hall: renovated Howe Mansion built in 1893 renovated in 2007 to include administrative offices and conference facilities with a 6,172 sq. ft. addition. fig. 68 Administration Center: 37,000 sq. ft. space with a street level restaurant was constructed in 2007 adjacent to Parker Hannifin Hall. fig. 69 Law School Remodeling: renovated in 2007 including a dramatic new entrance, four new classrooms, and redirected innerlink path. fig. 70 Main Classroom Renovation: The ground floor was renovated to accommodate administrative space, dining, conference facilities, and temporarily house student functions. Dramatic upgrades include a fourstory atrium and an elevator stair tower on the north end.

2010 Master Plan Update | 39

Figure 71: South Parking Garage

Figure 72: College of Education and Human .. Figure 73: Euclid Commons, Prospect & E. 24th Services

Figure 74: Student Center, Main Plaza

Third phase:

The third phase of development aims to complete the following projects between 2008-2010:

• South Parking Garage: 592 space parking structure to open in 2009. fig. 71 • College of Education and Human Services: 97,000 sq. ft. state of the art facility to house the College’s administrative offices and classrooms. fig. 72

• Euclid Commons, Euclid & E. 24th: multi-phased student housing project

• •

40 | Cleveland State University

phase 1 to be completed by 2010 and phase 2 to be completed in 2011. fig. 73 Student Center: 138,000 sq. ft. facility to be opened in the spring of 2010, to be the first dedicated student center in Cleveland State University’s history. fig. 74 RTA Transit Center: proposed transit hub to be completed in 2010.

Fourth phase:

Fourth phase projects rely on development in the third or previous phases to go forward. Projects to be started or completed from 2010 to 2015.

• Greening Parking Structure: an extension of the Green Space Network

• Figure 75: Main Plaza extending onto existing parking structure

• •

•

Figure 76: Allen Theater Playhouse Square

from the Main Plaza to encourage pedestrian traffic towards west campus. A new stair tower will be added to facilitate pedestrian movement from street level to the plaza level. fig. 75 Allen Theater: The University will work collaboratively with the Cleveland Playhouse & Playhouse Square to use the Allen Theater to house the theater arts program. fig. 76 Mather Boutique Hotel: Mather Mansion to be brought up to code and converted into boutique hotel with a new addition to expand capacity (approximately 50 rooms). fig. 77 North Campus Neighborhood: 25 acres of development that will transform an area of surface parking for the campus into a mixed use development. This will drastically increase housing options in the vicinity of campus, expand the athletic facilities while integrating retail and parking. Restacking Rhodes Tower: phase reorganization of Rhodes Tower beginning with space vacated by the College of Education, includes asbestos abatement; upon completion the Keith Building will no longer be necessary as swing space.

Fifth phase:

Long range planning projects for the University. Projects to be completed after 2015.

• Redevelop Viking Hall site: demolish Viking Hall and Kinkos building, construct mixed use development on site.

• Wolstein Center Expansion: provide additional offices for the athletic department.

• Science Building Expansion: replace the Chester Building with a new • • Figure 77: Mather Mansion Boutiqute Hotel

science building and renovate existing science facilities, while creating a new science quad to integrate with the Central Commons. Diving Pavilion: this addition to the Physical Education Building will accommodate diving competitions and allow NCAA swim meets to be held on CSU’s campus. Visual Arts Center: a proposed arts complex adjacent to the Music and Communications Building will house a fine arts program and dance studios. 2010 Master Plan Update | 41

e. 2

1st

2nd

e. 2

e. 1

7th

8th

e. 1

Payne

North Campus

Chester

Campus Core e. 22nd

e. 21st Euclid

Prospect

Figure 78: Development Areas of CSU Master Plan 42 | Cleveland State University

South Campus

I - 90

DEVELOPMENT AREAS The monumental scale of Cleveland State’s core campus architecture reflects the aesthetics of an earlier time and has historically contributed to the University’s fortress-like character. Many of the buildings in the core campus, were designed in the late-1960s, and make a strong architectural statement. Applying ornamentation to existing buildings in an effort to establish a more traditional collegiate style would undermine the basic character of the buildings and create a superficial, inauthentic appearance. New developments implemented as part of the 2004 master plan and developments proposed in this plan update continue to humanize existing buildings, with prominent and accessible entries, attractive signage, and abundant landscaping. These developments make the campus more welcoming and appealing.

New construction and comprehensive renovation have become the opportunity to remake the appearance of the campus. CSU strives for “future-proof” buildings of lasting design and construction quality with the flexibility to adapt to changing conditions. New buildings should not be of a uniform style, although each should relate to the existing campus structure, area context, and conform to the development area guidelines on the following pages. Proposed developments are outlined in each of the three focus areas of the plan; Campus Core, North Campus and South Campus, humanizing the edges of the historical campus and reaching beyond the campus’s historical borders with a more regularized, urban pattern of development with greater physical connectivity enhancing pedestrian scale, and entry ways. CSU is committed to principles of sustainability and environmental responsibility. Recycled materials, renewable energy sources, and sustainable technologies are encouraged for all new buildings and building rehabilitation projects. The plan’s area guidelines as well as the general guidelines for development in Appendix A are intended to improve energy performance, reduce operating costs, and reduce the environmental impacts of CSU facilities.

2010 Master Plan Update | 43

CAMPUS CORE Chester

1

2

7 8

3

4

6 5

9

13

11 10

12

Euclid

PROJECTS IN CAMPUS CORE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

44 | Cleveland State University

New Academic building Potential academic building above parking deck New pedestrian bridge Visual Arts Center Performance Plaza Student Center New Science Building Science Quad Extension to Science & Research Center Fenn Plaza New Diving Pavilion College of Education & Human Services Addition to Mather Mansion

Area Guidelines: Campus Core Most core University functions are concentrated between Chester and Euclid. Infill sites in this area, between East 17th and the Innerbelt, can accommodate CSU’s mid-term and long-term development needs. This continues the momentum of recent campus projects such as the Student Center, College of Education and Human Services, and Recreation Center. Additional, University expansion can occur beyond the campus core, provided that adequate linkages are established between the core and outlying areas. Uses: The campus core should primarily serve academic functions, including classrooms, libraries, and performance spaces. Other appropriate uses include faculty offices, admissions, and administrative functions. Student housing is

not a priority in the campus core, except for Fenn Tower which is well-suited for residential use. One of the goals of the master plan is to disperse parking structures to the periphery of campus. Parking in the core should be limited to existing facilities. Building Orientation: New buildings should be oriented toward Euclid or Chester, with prominent entries that are clearly visible and welcoming from the street. Illuminated entry pavilions are encouraged for all buildings, particularly for those set back from the street. Buildings that are adjacent to the central quadrangle or the East 19th or East 24th spines should be sited to preserve lines of sight along the spines and should have prominent entries and substantial amounts of clear glass on facades that face these features. Existing buildings should be retrofitted, as needed, to have welcoming, accessible entries. New Euclid entries similar to the College of Law addition are encouraged. Figure 79: Recreation Center

Buildings in the campus core may have elevated pedestrian walkways that are part of the InnerLink system, primarily to maintain access to University buildings for the disabled. Primary building entries, however, should be located at ground level and must also be ADA accessible. Signage: Signage for campus buildings should be consistent with the University’s established standards. Signs should be prominently located, illuminated, and appropriately scaled for the buildings on which they are located.

Figure 80: College of Education and Human Services

Green Space: Green spaces in the campus core should be designed as part of a linked system that is accessible to members of the University-community as well as the general public. Multi-purpose green spaces are encouraged, which provide an attractive setting for campus buildings but also provide space for organized and informal outdoor activities, including campus events, classes and study groups, and outdoor dining. Campus green spaces should be designed with consistent planting plans which emphasize indigenous, non-invasive, low-maintenance plant materials. Parking: Structured parking in the campus core has been maximized by the three existing structures in addition to parking under the Main Classroom Building and the science facility. Parking structures should have easily identifiable, wellilluminated entries and transparent, illuminated stair towers. Future expansion shall happen outside of the campus core.

2010 Master Plan Update | 45

NORTH CAMPUS 6 6

6 10

Payne

6

1 3

4

2

5

7

6 9

6

8 6

12

11 12

6 8

Chester

PROJECTS IN NORTH CAMPUS NEIGHBORHOOD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

46 | Cleveland State University

Krenzler Field locker room facilities addition to seating softball field Malaga Tennis Facility North Campus housing North Garage proposed new retail common lawn for housing new baseball facility market rate condos proposed parking location

Area Guidelines: North Campus Neighborhood The North Campus Neighborhood area combines University athletic facilities with moderate- to high-density housing in a green, pedestrian-oriented setting. Uses: Appropriate uses in the North Campus Neighborhood are mid-rise apartment buildings and townhouses and University athletic facilities. A limited amount of convenience retail development (approximately 16,000 square feet) is acceptable in the North Campus Neighborhood, primarily to serve the immediate needs of residents and spectators at athletic events. University athletic facilities will include a soccer field, tennis courts, softball and baseball fields, and support structures such as locker rooms, restrooms, spectator seating, and press boxes.

Building Orientation: Residential entrances should be oriented toward adjacent roadways and should be sited to take advantage of views into the athletic facilities and green spaces in the area. Athletic facilities should have clearly defined edges with support buildings and residential development at their perimeter, and decorative fencing, walls, or gates at undeveloped edges. Building Heights: University buildings will be three to five stories in height. Green Space: University athletic facilities will be accessible to residents of the North Campus Neighborhood, except during University-programmed athletic events. Additional parks and green spaces will provide opportunities for recreation.

Figure 81: Krenzler Field, community surrounding athletic program

Figure 82: Current location for North Campus Neighborhood

.

Parking: Parking for University facilities is to be in structures of four to six stories. Wrapping parking structures with active first-floor uses, such as retail or studio space for artists, is encouraged. Residential development must accommodate anticipated parking demand.

Figure 83: Current location for North Campus Neighborhood

2010 Master Plan Update | 47

SOUTH CAMPUS

9

Euclid

3

Prospect

5

6

7 8

2 10 11

1

4

12

14 13

16 15

17 PROJECTS IN SOUTH CAMPUS DEVELOPMENT AREA 1 Wolstein Center 2 mixed use development 3 proposed new retail 4 Trinity Cathedral 5 Trinity Commons 6 Parker Hannifin Hall 7 Parker Hannifin Administration Center 8 Euclid Commons Student Housing Complex 9 new retail/commercial expansion 10 potential mixed use expansion 11 RTA Transit Center 12 South Garage 13 YMCA 14 market rate housing 15 proposed parking location 16 Walker Weeks Building 17 New housing or private development 48 | Cleveland State University

Area Guidelines: South Campus Development The objective of this district will be to create links to the Wolstein Center, South Parking Garage, Transit Center, YMCA, and Walker Weeks Building to Euclid and the campus core. The addition of retail and residential facilities provides opportunities to encourage pedestrian traffic. Anchoring the development to the south is the Parker Hannifin Administration Center and Trinity Cathedral complex. These two recently completed development projects served as a major catalyst to university expansion and redevelopment south of Euclid. Uses: A new student housing complex at E. 24th and a new mixed use development at E. 22nd, on the current Viking Hall site, introduce a concentration

The block immediately to the east of the Wolstein Center serves as a major transportation hub. This will infuse many commuters into the area via the new RTA Transit Center and 600 car South Parking Garage which facilitates a demand for a new mixed use building on Prospect. Vehicular transportation is enhanced by a new roadway extending E. 24th from Euclid to the Cuyahoga Community College south of the Innerbelt.

Figure 84: Heritage Apartments (YMCA building) Prospect & E. 22nd of urban activity into this area. The privately developed College Town project located on Euclid between E. 18th and E. 21st provides significant frontage to the campus and adds to the critical mass of the development. Additionally, a unique housing opportunity exists on the block of the recently acquired YMCA. This block, bordered on the east by the Walker Weeks Building, provides for other housing options. Long range planning envisions other structures on the site to be removed and replaced with new housing and parking facilities. Retail uses including restaurants, coffee shops, a drug store or other convenience retail, and entertainment are encouraged at ground level along Euclid. Upper stories should be devoted primarily to higher density housing, although offices and University administrative functions are also appropriate. The Wolstein Center is used for large-scale athletic and entertainment events and for conferences. Expanding the Wolstein Center will provide additional office space for faculty, coaches, and staff in the University’s Athletic Department. The expansion could also allow for retail functions such as a team shop, and an athletic hall of fame at ground level along Carnegie.

Pedestrian passage: These population centers provide opportunities for linkage between the campus core and functions to the south, decreasing the perceived distance. A break in the building line on the south side of Euclid is necessary to enable pedestrians to pass through to Prospect Avenue. The University’s acquisition and demolition of the building at 1910 Euclid Avenue creates an opening and allows for foot traffic and visual links between Euclid and Prospect. This passage will be used by pedestrians to move between the core campus, the Euclid retail area, and the Wolstein Center and RTA Transit Center on Prospect. Buildings facing the passage should have clear glass windows facing onto it to provide security and visual interest for pedestrians. Building orientation and entries: Entries should be prominently located on the main street facade. Canopies and awnings over entries are encouraged. Signage: Signage in this area should be bold and exciting, geared toward both pedestrians and vehicular traffic. Unique, custom-designed signage will give the area a distinctive identity. Large-scale, illuminated signage and graphics are encouraged to create a lively streetscape and to increase the visibility of businesses in the area. Smaller scale signs, including projecting signs and window signs will enhance the pedestrian environment. Parking: Parking should be structured wherever possible. Surface parking must be located behind buildings. Street parking should be preserved wherever possible to support retail businesses. Green space: Ample landscaping will soften the appearance of buildings in this area. Paved plazas should have landscaped edges and raised planters that can double as seating. 2010 Master Plan Update | 49

APPENDIX A General Guidelines

2010 Master Plan Update | 51

General Guidelines: University facilities Building orientation and siting: Building orientation establishes the basic relationship between the campus, the University population, and the surrounding City. • Buildings should have a clear visual and physical relationship to the street. • Primary facades are to be oriented toward a main street and/or one of the two north-south spines.

Figure 85: New signage on south facade of South Garage

Building massing and facades: Building facades provide the first impression of the University. • The main entry is to be located on the primary facade. • Entries should be well-lit, accessible, and clearly visible from the street. • Entrances should be coordinated with the placement of street trees. • The first floor of a building should be differentiated in order to define a pedestrian space. • Building massing should take human scale into account to make spaces more inviting and promote interaction. • Elements such as canopies, fenestration, and texture should be incorporated to enhance the pedestrian scale. Materials and equipment: Durable, environmentally friendly building materials and equipment provide benefits for the University population and the broader community. • Use rapidly renewable, recycled, salvaged, and/or regionally produced building materials wherever possible. The Environmental Protection Agency’s Comprehensive Procurement Guidelines provide specifications for recycled material content. • Adherence to the US Green Building Council LEED Standards is required for new construction. Buildings should be designed for a minimum LEED Silver Certification.

52 | Cleveland State University

Lighting and ventilation: Proper lighting and ventilation create a comfortable, appealing environment. • Buildings are to be designed for maximum natural light. • Windows are to be clear glass, rather than tinted or mirrored glass to promote transparency and openness. The glass should be coated to reduce glare and heat gain. • The use of natural ventilation is encouraged wherever possible. Green roofs • Roofs should be planted with plants and grasses that can tolerate extremes in temperature and moisture. • Roofs should be accessible to the public wherever possible to provide a campus amenity. • “Heat Island” effects should be minimized by reducing heat gain/loss through building roofs, using the following standards: 1. Roof area not used to house mechanical equipment should be considered for green roofs. 2. All unplanted roof areas should be constructed of materials with an Albedo reflectance value of at least 0.3. Energy conservation • Double-glazing and other energy-efficient window treatments are required. • When replacing existing equipment and facilities, consideration should be given to create maximum energy efficiency. • Street trees should be used to shade sidewalks, parking areas, and other exposed surfaces. • Heat recovery systems • LED lighting

Transportation and parking Access to the University can be enhanced by promoting alternative transportation modes and by siting parking facilities strategically. • Streets should promote bicycle and pedestrian usage. • Bicycle racks and storage lockers should be provided throughout campus, with concentrations at key campus destinations, including the Student Center, Rhodes Tower, and the Main Classroom. • Parking should be structured wherever possible. • Active first floor uses, such as retail and studio space for art students, are encouraged in all parking structures. • Surface parking lots should be screened with landscaping to minimize their visual impact. At least 20% of surface parking areas should be devoted to landscaping. • Access to parking should be from secondary streets and curb cuts should be limited to one 20 foot access drive per block frontage whenever possible. • Consideration should be given to vehicle queuing to avoid congestion on main roadways. Parking Facilities • Street parking with meters is encouraged. • Surface lots can be asphalt, but curb cuts are to be concrete. • Parking facilities should be cast in place post tension structures. All steel reinforcing to be epoxy coated. All concrete to have rust inhibiting admixture. Finishes to be coated with the highest performance seal coating to prevent corrosion. • Exterior finishes are to be attractive and selective use of brick or other masonry materials is expected. Visibility of vehicles from the exterior is to be minimized and the use of concrete spandrels is encouraged. • Raw concrete as a finish material is prohibited. Concrete exposed to view from the street is to be coated with a colored high performance epoxy finish. • Lighting shall be generously used in and around the parking structure. LED light fixtures should be used. • Signage for CSU Facilities shall meet University Standards and located at all entry points.

2010 Master Plan Update | 53

General Guidelines: Residential development Orientation: Buildings should be sited to maximize their visual appeal and reduce energy demands. • Primary facades should face the street or a green space. • Street-facing facades should have transparent windows covering at least 50% of the facade area. • Front entries should be prominent and welcoming, with a sidewalk leading to the front door. • Living areas should be oriented to receive direct sunlight. • Awnings, overhangs, or trellis structures are encouraged to allow low winter sun into living areas, while blocking the high summer sun. Figure 86: East garage, Chester

Figure 87: Main Classroom, new entry tower

54 | Cleveland State University

Lighting and ventilation: Lighting and ventilation have a significant impact on residents’ comfort levels. • Principal rooms should have windows on at least two walls to provide balanced daylighting and to facilitate natural cooling and ventilation. • Furnaces should be equipped with High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters. Energy-Efficiency: Energy-efficient buildings reduce operating costs and lessen negative environmental impacts. • Insulation recommendations for new construction are as follows: Walls: R-24 Foundation walls: R-13C Ceilings: R-38 • Wall and ceiling insulation should be at least 80% recycled material. • High-performance glazing, such as low-E coatings and applied films, should be used on all windows in conditioned space. 0.35 is the targeted maximum U-value for windows. • Furnaces should have 90% or greater Annualized Fuel Utilization Efficiency. • Hydronic baseboard heat or radiant floor heat are preferred, as these systems allow zoning to control temperatures in separate areas of each housing unit. • Thermostats should have at least two automatic setback stages per day.

Water usage: Water conservation techniques reduce operating costs and help protect regional watersheds. • Install low water volume fixtures, toilets, dishwashers, and laundry facilities. • Automatic irrigation systems; drip irrigation or other water-efficient systems are preferred. • Consider water metering for individual apartment units.

Building materials: Commercial development should achieve a level of quality and durability appropriate to a downtown commercial area. • Brick is the preferred building material, with sandstone, granite, or precast concrete lintels, window sills, and trim. • Corrugated metal panels, synthetic stuco (Dryvit®), wood paneling, vinyl siding, and faux stone cladding are inappropriate.

General Guidelines: Commercial development

Windows: The nature and extent of windows, particularly at ground level, will have a major impact on the quality and visual interest of commercial areas. • Storefronts may have a contemporary design but should have traditional elements, including transom, display window, and bulkhead sections, contained between brick piers. • Windows should make up at least 75% of ground floor facades; clear glass is preferred to allow clear views of window displays and interior activity. • Large expanses of glass, combined with high ceilings, allow natural lighting of interior spaces. Operable windows are encouraged, wherever possible, to allow for natural ventilation.

Uses Commercial development near the CSU campus should have a “College Town” character, with a pedestrian scale, first floor retail uses, and dynamic signage.

Signage: Size and placement of signs are governed by the City’s Planning Commission, although variances may be granted for creative signage that helps to enhance the “College Town” character of the district.

Orientation and entries: Attracting both the University community and the general public to campus commercial areas is a priority. • Retail buildings should be oriented toward main arterial streets. • Front entries should be prominent and well-illuminated. • The use of canopies or awnings is encouraged.

Site access and parking: Maintaining a continuous, unbroken commercial edge will encourage pedestrian activity. • Curb cuts from major arterials (i.e. Euclid, Prospect, and Chester) should be eliminated wherever possible in favor of access from side streets. • Parking lots should be located behind buildings and be landscaped over at least 20% of the total surface area. • On-street parking should be maintained.

Recycling: Recycling guidelines are based on the premise that the easier it is to recycle, the more people will participate. • On each residential floor, provide a ventilated trash and recycling room, at least 5’ square, and have a convenient way of separating waste from recycling. • Centralized trash/recycling holding areas should be designed with a minimum volume of 2.9 CF/housing unit.

Building height and setback: New construction should be compatible with the traditional character of campus commercial areas. • New buildings should conform to the established setback for a street. Automobile-oriented development in low, single story buildings surrounded by parking are inappropriate in campus commercial areas. • Two- to six-story buildings are encouraged, with retail and other active ground floor uses combined with upper-level apartments and/or offices.

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General Guidelines: Transportation The character of the existing streets through the campus is determined by adjacent land uses. In general: • Streets should promote bicycle and pedestrian usage. • Bicycle amenities, such as bike racks, lockers, and shower facilities in key buildings are encouraged. • Street width and streetscape treatment will vary depending on traffic volume and land use.

Figure 88: RTA Transit Center

Arterial streets in the east-west direction: • Euclid has the highest concentration of retail uses and pedestrian activity, as well as being the primary public transit street. • Chester is a higher speed street with more pass-through traffic; the University needs to establish an attractive presence on this street and to create safe and convenient places for pedestrian crossings. North-south oriented streets: • Streets should have two-way traffic wherever possible, as one-way streets make it more difficult for visitors to navigate through the campus. • North-south streets provide frontage for residential development near campus and should have landscaping, lighting, and other amenities that enhance residential uses.

Figure 89: Krenzler Field, views to downtown

56 | Cleveland State University

General Guidelines: Parking Convenient parking is a critical factor in attracting and retaining students, but parking facilities should serve the needs of the University and not dictate campus land use development. • Parking should be structured wherever possible to minimize the land required. • Parking structures should be designed to enhance the architectural character of the campus and should incorporate retail or university-related uses at street level. • Stair towers should be well-illuminated and transparent. • Surface parking lots are to be landscaped; at least 20% of the surface area of a lot should be landscaped; planting trees at the perimeter of parking areas as well as within the lot. • The use of permeable paved surfaces, such as porous concrete and porous asphalt, interlocking pavers, and reinforced grass will reduce stormwater runoff and is encouraged for parking lots. • Use planting strips between sections of pavement to screen parking areas. • Decorative fencing shall be combined with landscaping to screen the edges of parking lots.

General Guidelines: Green space Well-designed green spaces will make the campus an oasis in the City. Green spaces must be attractive and functional in order to best serve the University community and the general public. Green space functions • Campus parks and green spaces should provide opportunities for recreation and public gathering. • Parks and green spaces should be extensions of indoor spaces. • Green spaces should be designed for multiple purposes, such as a roof garden that provides a visual amenity and also reduces heating and cooling requirements for a building. • Athletic fields should serve the larger community of students, faculty, staff, and neighborhood residents, as well as CSU athletes.

Plant materials & site furnishings Plant materials should be selected based on soil conditions, water requirements, and the size of the site. • The use of native plants is encouraged. Non-native plants must be limited to non-invasive species. Landscaping should consist of at least 50% native species and 75% low maintenance plants (those that require minimal mowing, weeding, trimming, and irrigation). • Provide plant material that provides color and variety in the four seasons. • Diversity in plant materials is encouraged, particularly plants that grow naturally together and are self-sustaining. • Plant species that require frequent maintenance and irrigation are discouraged. • Avoid allergy-causing plants and those that require chemical treatment. • Reduce dependency on fertilizer by using plants that contribute nitrogen to the soil, such as clover and honey locusts. • Provide good growing conditions, including adequate root space for plants and trees. • Tree planting should provide adequate shade coverage for pedestrians. • Views into campus green spaces should be established and enhanced. Buildings and loading areas should not obscure views into campus green spaces. • Benches, trash receptacles, and other site furnishings should be consistent in style, color, and material. Water • Water conservation is strongly encouraged. Rainwater should be “harvested” wherever possible and used for irrigation. • Green spaces should be designed to store and filter storm water runoff. • New and refurbished green spaces should have automatic irrigation systems; drip irrigation or other water-efficient systems are preferred. • Separate zones should be provided for plants with different water needs.

2010 Master Plan Update | 57

Timeline of CSU Master Plans 1966 - Original Master Plan Outcalt, Guenther, Rode, and Bonebrake 1971 - Master Plan

Sasaki, Dawson, DeMay Associates, Inc.

1981 - Update & 5 year plan (written ammendments)

Five-Year Plan Committee & University-Wide Planning Committee

1991 - A Plan & Process for the 21st Century (written ammendments)

University Planning Committee & other task forces

1995 - Pathways to Learning, Master Plan Update

NBBJ

2004 - Master Plan

Cleveland Urban Design Collaborative

2010 - Master Plan Update Figure 90: North Campus Neighborhood Initiative

58 | Cleveland State University



Cleveland Urban Design Collaborative

APPENDIX B History of Campus Master Plans

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1966 Campus Master Plan

Prepared by: Outcalt, Guenther, Rode, and Bonebrake - Architects & Planners, Cleveland, Ohio As the first campus master plan the 1966 plan for the “Ultimate Campus” envisioned a grand campus stretching from Euclid north to Superior. This 160 acre campus would focus heavily on academic program. Most of the academic structures would be constructed with 30 foot square modules made of concrete. Part of the intent for this large campus was to provide a good amount of open space especially around athletic complexes on the northern end of campus, which encouraged the idea of a large cap over the highway to expand the campus further northeast. Some basic architectural principles were to keep a 30 foot square structural model for unity, and use consistent roof lines and exterior materials. The planned improvements were guided by quick access to the Innerbelt, convenient public transportation, availability of nearby land to be acquired, and a centralized location for the Greater Cleveland metropolitan area

Figure 91: 1966 Master Plan bird’s eye view

Figure 92: 1966 Master Plan Phase I 60 | Cleveland State University

1971 Campus Master Plan

Prepared by: Sasaki, Dawson, DeMay Associates, Inc. - Planning, Landscape Architecture, Architecture, Civil Engineering The first revision of the campus master plan occured in 1971 and addressed the changing climate of university and financial issues. The primary focus was to narrow the scope from 145 acres to 78 acres. An academic core would be confined to 35 acres between Euclid and Payne allowing for open space to serve as a crucial amenity to the area. Less emphasis has been placed on the need for housing near campus. The campus infastructure changes fairly dramatically in this proposal, a limit has been placed on underground parking structures, instead more surface lots and parking structures will be introduced. Another noticable difference is the way in which this plan coincides with the existing street grid. For pedestrians a second level of all weather enclosed pathway was proposed to supplement physical connections. This proposal also suggests a continued effort to update the master plan for years to come reflecting evolutions in University concepts, funding priorities, program changes, urban development and transportation policies.

Figure 93: 1971 Master Plan Update 2010 Master Plan Update | 61

1995 Pathways to Learning Master Plan Update Prepared by: NBBJ - Architecture, Design, Planning - Columbus, Ohio The 1995 master plan proposes one very influential factor to the campus, the new campus boulevard. While this allowed for a more pronounced vehicular and pedestrian path through campus, it also focused on expanding the academic program north of Chester. Suggestions for campus housing were focused south of Euclid in a condensed location. This 1995 Master Plan was also the first master plan update to focus on and address the following categories:

• • • • • • • • •

Campus & Community Campus Access & Parking Land Use Building Use & Siting Pedestrian Circulation Open Spaces Campus Image & Identity Service & Support Campus Safety & Security

62 | Cleveland State University

Figure 94: 1994 Master Plan - NBBJ

2004 Cleveland State University Master Plan Prepared by: Cleveland Urban Design Collaborative

Figure 95: 2004 Master Plan rendered illustrations Figure 96: 2004 Master Plan - CUDC

The 2004 Update focuses on how to connect the University to the surrounding community and capitalize on opportunities for the University to collaborate with the private sector. This is the first proposal to consider making the campus more desirable for student housing, securing it’s attractiveness for the future of the university. Primarily this master plan focuses on the possibility for development both north and south of the campus core. A vision was developed for the north end of campus to have student housing focused around new athletic facilities, creating a sense of community.

Figure 97: 2004 Varsity Village birds eye

2010 Master Plan Update | 63

64 | Cleveland State University

APPENDIX C Campus Security Standards and Systems

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CSU Safety Initiatives Blue light telephones: •

Installation of the CSU Standard BLT of exterior spaces is expected and University Police would respond to calls for service. The newer units are being checked by IS&T using a PC watchdog program to quickly detect and address any system malfunctions.

Blue light telephones •

The CSU list of buildings by address and latitude/longitude will be used as part of our 911 systems and related Life Safety Response Systems.

Building addresses •

Figure 98: Euclid Corridor

The Goal of CSU is to have CCTV strategically placed and recorded throughout the Campus including this development.

Closed circuit television (CCTV) •

The Goal of CSU is to have CCTV strategically placed and recorded throughout the Campus including this development.

Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) •

It is the goal of Campus Safety to review and implement in all new or rehabilitation projects the concept of CPTED. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design, or CPTED, is a multi-disciplinary approach to reducing crime and increasing perceived safety. CPTED relies on the influence of the built environment on offender behavior. It seeks to dissuade offenders from committing crimes by manipulating the physical environment in which those crimes occur. As a result, it relies on an understanding of conditions in the environment that influence offenders.

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CPTED is most effective in environmental design (e.g., architects, landscape architects), land managers, community action (e.g., Neighborhood Watch groups such as CSU’s Campus Watch), and law enforcement agencies. If any of the four defender groups are removed, it is likely that a CPTED strategy will be less effective than it might otherwise be. When used in conjunction with other proven strategies. Ideally all drawings should be approved by a CPP (Certified Protection Specialist) from Campus Safety in the same way that they are required to be approved by a PE or Architect.

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The implementation of CPTED has been shown to reduce the initial and ongoing cost of security.

Figure 99: Main Classroom Building

66 | Cleveland State University

Parking Lots

CCTV (Closed Circuit Television, Security Surveillance System) We support the installation of CCTV at all parking lots and structures. This action would also increase our ability to more closely monitor lots that allow overnight, offhour parking.

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Exterior and Interior lighting design shall not contribute to direct glare. Site lighting fixtures shall have full-cutoff optics unless a security situation as determined by the security specialist dictates otherwise.

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The lighting designer shall coordinate with the security specialist and shall pay particular attention to areas of identified risk and those most vulnerable to crime, i.e. areas under electronic surveillance, ATM locations, parking garages, stairwells, restrooms, and other isolated areas.

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Lighting shall be designed to meet life safety/ egress code requirements.

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Lighting shall be designed to allow for proper maintenance of the fixtures.

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It is recognized that local energy codes may limit lighting design options. However, conflicts between local energy codes and security needs shall be brought to the attention of the security specialist.

The CCTV feed would be part of our total campus safety program, however stakeholders would be able to view the CCTV located in the new development. Parking Lot Layout The layout of a parking lot can sometimes provide an advantage for natural surveillance (A CPTED principal), CCTV coverage, and structured surveillance and response. CSU parking lots need to have controlled access for both vehicles and pedestrians. Lots should also be closed with fences and gates with more effort concentrated on securing overnight parking lots. Gate(s) shall be dual belt/high torque reduction system using counter-balanced, safety-locking pins during preventative maintenance to negate vertical and horizontal movement.

Lighting •

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Proper lighting should illuminate objects, people, and places to allow observation and identification and thereby physically reduce criminal concealment. Lighting should also use illumination to deter criminal acts by creating a fear of detection, identification, increase the effectiveness of closed circuit television cameras, and reduce the fear of crime by enhancing the perception of security. Exterior and Interior lighting shall be designed with mindfulness for security and in accordance with minimum standards established by Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) Guideline G-1-03. All areas shall meet minimum horizontal and vertical luminance requirements, and shall meet or exceed published uniformity ratios. Exterior lighting design shall be coordinated with 20 year growth projections of landscaping components and installed lighting systems shall function as intended (assuming fixtures are properly maintained) with minimal landscaping maintenance during this time period.

Fire alarm system (CSU facilities) •

The Fire Alarms system shall be the Simplex 4100u.

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The system shall have Voice Emergency Notification capability, using speakers and not horns. The system shall be engineered to integrate with the existing CSU system.

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The fire alarm system may be monitored by the CSU Public Safety Answering Point, as it is done for all main campus.

Elevators (CSU facilities) •

Elevators should be “Smart” elevators to function through software that certain floors can be locked off on a schedule via a computer.

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Elevators should have GAI-Tronics phones to be consistent with campus standard.

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All keys associated with elevator should have a BEST I/C core so they are compatible with our campus lock system.

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CSU Safety Initiatives (continued) AED

Each new building must have a wired cabinet to the CSU security system for an AED.

Locks/doors (CSU facilities & joint common areas)

Figure 100: Inner.link bridge to Recreation Center

Figure 101: Students on campus

68 | Cleveland State University

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All locks in building shall have BEST 8P I/C cores. This includes any cabinets in areas intended to be used by multiple people. Any deviation from the BEST core on any piece of equipment or control panel must be approved in advance by CSU.

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An Automated Key Watcher Unit shall be installed in a location to be determined by the Director of Access Control and Security Systems.

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All locks must be coordinated with the door hardware supplier to ensure manufacturing to the access control requirements and / or the mechanical hardware.

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All exterior doors shall be monitored by the CSU access control system; exterior doors that will be unlocked for business hours will be controlled by the access control system; selected doors shall have Viking Card readers.

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Core coordination shall be completed with the CSU Locksmith at or before the 60 percentile drawings.

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The contractor shall supply Best MX8 cores and the cores shall be ordered at lease 6 weeks prior to 90% completion of the building. N.B. there is a lead time involved in having the cores pinned.

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Private apartment doors would not need to be on this system, however, they could be supported by CSU.

CCTV • •

The project will have cameras that are located as required by either the Director of Access Control and Security Systems or in the alterative the Commander of Police. The camera types and DVRs shall be coordinated by the Director of Access Control and Security Systems.

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Typology – for planning purposes the following is the CSU Standard

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The IP cameras shall connect to a local NVR (Network Video Recorder) that will be sized to hold 72 hours of camera recordings at 6fps for standard cameras and 3fps for megapixel cameras. Storage capacity shall be calculated using a 30% per day activity level estimate unless otherwise indicated. The NVR shall upload history to a MSD (Mass Storage Device) on a pre-established schedule.

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The MSD shall be sized to hold 30 days of recording from all NVRs. The MSD shall be rack-mounted in the CSU server room.

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Cameras may take power from a POE (Power Over Ethernet) connection or in the alternative, shall be from a listed power supply on a dedicated circuit.

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The NVR and related equipment should interface with the CSU Continuum (Andover) Automated Building System.

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All CCTV shall have secondary power to provide CCTV signal to the University Police for a duration of 4 hours. This includes all devices necessary for the transmission of the digital signal from the camera to Campus Safety Dispatch including power supplies, network switches, etc. Care shall be taken in the case of data rooms which must be maintained that cooling systems are also maintained as needed to prevent overheating.

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NVRs • •

IT costs

Location of NVR will be discussed and determined by both IS&T and Department of Access Control and Security. (Preferred location will be wall mounted in lockable rack) Installation and purchase of power and UPS will be done by Department of Access Control and Security and placement and will be determined both IS&T & Department of Access Control and Security. (Preferred location will be wall mount.)

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Each IP camera will require a network connection - Currently $600 a connection.

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In some cases IS&T may require conduit to be installed. This cost is not an IS&T cost and will need to be coordinate through Plant Services at requesting departments expense.

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Each NVR will need a network connection - $600

If not otherwise provided, the following is the standard: • All interior cameras shall be IP Panasonic Mini Domes or owner approved equivalent. The approved model is WV-NW484S. • All exterior cameras shall be IP / PTZ / and shall be designated at the time of design as this technology is advancing at a fast pace. • The recorder shall be Integral Digital Sentry NVR configured to hold 30 days of historical video or, in the alternative, a mass storage device as prescribed in writing by the Director of Access Control and Security Systems. • All established entrances to buildings shall be IP megapixel Panasonic Mini Domes or owner-approved equivalent. The approved model is WV-NF302.

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CSU Safety Initiatives (continued) Cameras •

Cameras shall be placed in the following locations: • Inside the building displaying each entrance or exit of building • Inside the building displaying transitional points between floors (elevator, stairs) • Inside each elevator car. • A camera shall be located to view the key box and AED. • Inside the building displaying public to private transition points. • Inside the building displaying any locations where cash is exchanged (cash registers, ATM’s). Vending machines shall not fall under this requirement unless identified during the TVA as an area requiring cameras. • Inside the building at each security alarm point. • Inside or outside the building to view each emergency/blue light phone location. • Outside covering each area of any parking lot and associated walkway to and from the building.

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Cameras shall all be contained within vandal resistant domes or housings.

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Connection from camera to wall jack shall be protected to prevent malicious disconnection of camera.

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Camera lighting response and resolution shall be chosen with the goal of providing facial recognition/determination of facial expression in area of intended view.

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Cameras viewing areas with potential backlighting will be chosen appropriately for that condition.

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All camera designs shall include a unique numbering or lettering system for cameras. Design documents shall include the following information; camera number, camera type, and intended field of view or object of interest that is to be viewed.

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Cameras mounting • Due to many variables including physical and technical limitations and maintenance requirements, specific location of cameras shall be closely coordinated with campus safety.

Figure 102: Main Plaza lighting

70 | Cleveland State University

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All camera power, transmission and recording devices shall have secondary power to allow the device to operate for a minimum of four (4) hours.

CATV

If the project has any Community Accessible Television (CATV) it shall have the capacity to intercept a message from campus safety and inject that message on all monitors.

Access Control / Security Points in addition to Section 13701

1.) The Access Control and Security systems shall use the Andover Continuum system with network panels. All power supplies shall be Altronix, and the Altronix PS panel monitored by the Andover system for battery management. 2.) Card readers are to be duel technology Mag stripe and prox. Whenever necessary, we will require BEST IDH door hardware on all interior doors requiring access control. 3.) The power to all security and CCTV system shall be on a dedicated circuit and treated as life safety the same as the fire system.

Rest Rooms

All rest rooms shall have a privacy entrance maze, exterior doors to restrooms should be avoided for both security and safety.

Key / access

Key Control Box 1.) Approved Manufacture: a. Key Systems Inc. 2.) Wall flush-mounted automated key box. a. Sized: Sized for actual quantities of key rings as specified by the Director of Access control and Security Systems. b. Install one power circuit on the life safety circuit. c. Install one network connection. d. Provide one set of software and instructions. e. The two (2) keys that accompany the box shall be secured during the project and turned over to the University Locksmith. 3.) A separate key box to mount on the wall other than the above is not required.

Lock Cylinders and Keying. General: CSU maintains a master keyed locking system under a patented keyway. The contractor will need to meet with the University Locksmith for licensure for patented cores. This system is necessary to preserve the ability of emergency responders to open or secure doors during an event. All locksets shall operate on a large format Interchangeable Core (I/C). The CSU Master Key system must be maintained and cannot be compromised during a project. 1) Master Keyed System: Except as otherwise indicated, provide all cores and locks consistent with the CSU key system. 2) Cores: All cores shall be 7 pin Best Peaks Preferred P8 patented. 3) Keys: All keys will be Best Peaks Preferred, sterilized with the Bow Stamped “State of Ohio 3345.13 prohibits duplication.” Final Pinning and Keying 1.) The Contractor shall meet with the University Locksmith at 60% finalization to prepare the final keying chart. 2.) The chart must be show on separate 8 ½ by 11 paper, CSU’s keying instructions on the locks. 3.) Contractors must take note that the factory has a lead time on the preparation of cores, and this charting must be submitted in time for the factory to prepare the cores. Operating switches Any operating switch that opens a door, controls a function (such as an ADA door controller or air curtain) shall accept an Interchange Core (I/C) large type. Elevator 1.) General: In keeping with the need to have one emergency key, the elevator is part of this system. 2.) The fireman’s return and other operating switches shall use the Interchange Core (I/C) large type to control the operation. 3.) The core, Kaba Peaks P-8 will be coordinated through the CSU lock shop.

2010 Master Plan Update | 71

Figure 103: Main Classroom Atrium

72 | Cleveland State University

CREDITS Collaborating Efforts for the Campus Master Plan Update

2010 Master Plan Update | 73

Master Plan Credits Cleveland State University - Division of Capital Planning Ed Schmittgen, Domenic Bellone, Kyle Krewson

Bernie Buckner (Safety Standards)

Cleveland Urban Design Collaborative Terry Schwartz, Christopher Diehl, Lauren Frey, David Reed, Gauri Torgalkar,

Paul Vernon

Photography Cleveland State University Photographer - William Rieter

Figure 104: Main Classroom entry rennovation

CUDC - Lauren Frey Bill Schuman - Aerial photography

Architects & Designers of Master Plan Work Behnke Associates Main Plaza renovation Bostwick Design

Law Building entry

Braun & Steidl Architects

Parker Hannifin Administration Center Parker Hannifin Hall addition Student Center

CBLH Design

Main Plaza renovation Main Classrooom atrium East Garage

City Architecture

College Town renovation

Figure 105: Student Center interior perpsective

Cleveland Urban Design Collaborative

2004 Cleveland State Master Plan 2010 Cleveland State Master Plan Update

Gwathmey Siegel Architects Student Center

74 | Cleveland State University

KA inc.

Mather Mansion Boutique Hotel Viking Hall Block

NBBJ (Columbus)

College of Education Euclid Ribbon

Osborn Engineering

Diving Pavilion RTA Transit Center South Garage

Ralph Tyler Companies

Farmer’s market plan

Figure 106: College of Education

Sandvick Architects

Fenn Tower renovation

Sasaki Associates Inc.

Recreation Center Euclid Corridor

Studio Techne Architects South Garage

Webber, Murphy, Fox

Euclid Commons Daycare Center Recreation Center & Green Roof

Westlake, Reed, Leskowski

Allen Theater renovation Visual Arts Center

Erin Huber & LeeAnn Westfall Green roof on recreation center

Figure 107: Recreation Center

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