2001 PMR REPORT #

CROP: PEST:

SECTION E: CEREAL, FORAGE, and OILSEED CROPS Insects ICAR: 61006537

Dry bean, (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. Stingray, Berna Dutch brown and kidney GTS-306 Potato Leafhopper, Empoasca fabae Harris

NAME AND AGENCY: SCHAAFSMA A W, GILLARD C L, PAUL D E, PHIBBS T R and VUJEVIC M Ridgetown College,University of Guelph, Ridgetown, Ontario, N0P 2C0 Tel: (519) 674-1624 Fax: (519) 674-1600 Email: [email protected] TITLE:

CONTROL OF POTATO LEAFHOPPER IN DRY EDIBLE BEANS WITH SEED TREATMENTS

MATERIALS: APRON MAXX RTA 19.05 (metalaxyl-m + fludioxonil,19.05 g ai/L); CRUISER 350 FS (thiamethoxam, 350 g ai /L) ; AGROX DL (diazinon + lindane + captan, 25% + 15% + 15% w/w); CYGON 480 E (dimethoate, 480 g ai/L); DCT (diazinon + captan + thiophanate methyl, 18% + 6% + 14% w/w); U2051-15; G7014-0; U2051-1; G7009-0; G7047-01. METHOD: Seed was treated in 1- kg lots in individual bags by applying the material via a syringe to each bag. The seed was then mixed for 1 min to ensure thorough seed coverage. Beans were planted on 15 June, 2001 at a seeding rate of 15 seeds/m using a two-row cone seeder mounted on a John Deere Max Emerge planter. Plots were 2 rows , spaced 0.76 m apart and 6 m in length arranged in RCBD with 4 replications. The plots were fertilized and maintained according to provincial recommendations. Emergence counts were taken on 3 and 11 July, 2001. CYGON was applied as the foliar- treated check dependent on plots reaching nymph thresholds, where stage 1 = unifoliate leaf with 0.25 nymphs per unifoliate, stage 2 = up to 2nd unifoliate leaf with 0.5 nymphs per trifoliate leaf (or 1.0 nymph for 2 trifoliate leaves), stage 3 = 2nd trifoliate to 4th trifoliate leaf with 1.0 nymphs per trifoliate leaf; and stage 4 = 4th trifoliate leaf to bloom with 2.0 nymphs per trifoliate leaf. CYGON was applied over the row at 1 L product per ha using a Solo backpack sprayer with a single 8002VS TEEJET nozzle at 30 psi in 186 L/ha water. Leafhopper nymphs were counted weekly by sampling the uppermost fully expanded leaf on 10 plants per plot. The leaf was removed from the plant and the number of nymphs on the underside and top of each leaf was recorded. Leafhopper burn was scored each week using a scale of 0-5 (0 = no burn and 5 = severe burn). RESULTS: See Tables 1 - 8 CONCLUSIONS: AGROX DL resulted in the best emergence for kidney beans and APRON MAXX RTA for Berna beans. Several treatments resulted in significantly greater emergence than untreated controls and fungicide treated controls in kidney beans. Several treatments were significantly better than untreated controls for Berna beans. Significant differences in vigor were noted in Berna beans and white beans at the early assessment. The best vigor seemed to come from APRON MAXX RTA and CRUISER treatments at the higher rate of CRUISER. Leaf hopper populations were low in the trial inspite of the hot/dry weather. CRUISER and G7009-0 both provided significant reduction in nymph populations up to 32 DAP. No differences in leafhopper burn were noted in the Berna beans. No difference in nymph populations were noted in the kidney bean and white bean plots. Significantly lower hopper burn was observed 50 DAP in kidney beans treated with CRUISER and G7009-0. Differences in plant height were noted but could not be explained for white beans.

Table 1: Bean emergence at Ridgetown, Ontario. 2001

Kidney White Number of Plants per Plot

Berna Treatment

Untreated Check Fungicide Check (APRON MAXX RTA 19.05 FS) MAXX RTA 19.05 FS APRON MAXX RTA 19.05FS +CRUISER 350 FS APRON MAXX RTA 19.05FS +CRUISER 350 FS APRON MAXX RTA 19.05 FS +CRUISER 350 FS AGROX DL CYGON 480 E (foliar)g ai/ha U2051-15 G7014-0 +U2051-15 G7014-0 +U2051-15 G7014-0 +U2051-15 G7009-0 +U2051-15 G7009-0 +U2051-15 G7009-0 +U2501-15 G7047-01 DCT LSD (P=.05) CV

Rate g ai/100kg

6.25

6.25 30 6.25 50 6.25 100 110 480 83 25 83 50 83 100 83 25 83 50 83 100 83 187.5 197.6

July 3 July 11 July 4 July 11 July 4 14 DAP 21 DAP 14 DAP 21 DAP 14 DAP

July 11 21 DAP

116 d * 104 d 144 g 136 abc 137 ab 148 efg

145 fg 149 efg

163 158

159 159

142 a

141 a

150 d-g 168

167

140 a

136 abc 156 a-d

159 a-d

156

155

141 a

141 a

159 abc 160 abc 164

160

127 c 115 d 129 bc 137 ab

126 c 114 d 129 bc 135 abc

158 abc 153 b-e 154 b-e 154 b-e

161 167 161 160

161 163 162 156

137 ab

139 ab 152 def

151 d-g 156

165

129 bc

129 bc 151 def

151 d-g 167

168

128 bc

132 abc 153 cde 153 b-f

151 d-g

164 a 154 b-f 160 abc 152 c-g

153

151

132 abc 133 abc 159 ab

159 a-d

165

162

129 bc

161 ab

154

155

136 abc 136 abc 152 def 134 abc 135 abc 145 fg

156 a-e 143 g

155 163

155 162

9.8 5.2

8.9 4.1

NS 4.8

NS 4.9

130 abc 160 a

11.1 6.0

6.6 3.0

* Means followed by same letter do not significantly differ (P=.05, LSD)

Table 2. Bean vigor at Ridgetown, Ontario. 2001

Treatment

Untreated Check Fungicide Check (APRON MAXX RTA 19.05 FS) APRON MAXX RTA 19.05FS +CRUISER 350 FS APRON MAXX RTA 19.05FS +CRUISER 350 FS APRON MAXX RTA 19.05 FS +CRUISER 350 FS AGROX DL CYGON 480 E (foliar) U2051-15 G7014-0 + U2051-15 G7014-0 + U2051-15 G7014-0 + U2051-15 G7009-0 + U2051-15 G7009-0 + U2051-15 G7009-0 + U2051-15 G7047-01 DCT LSD (P=.05) CV

Rate g ai/100kg

6.25 6.25 30 6.25 50 6.25 100 110 480 83 25 83 50 83 100 83 25 83 50 83 100 83 187.5 197.6

Berna Kidney White 0-100 % 0-100 % 0-100 % July 11 Aug 15 July 11 Aug 15 July 11 Aug 15 14DAP 2nd Pod 14DAP 2nd Pod 14 DAP 2nd Pod 60.0 f * 82.5 bcd

40.0 55.0

72.5 80.0

80.0 80.0

72.5 bcd 55.0 a-d 67.5 d 50.0 a-d

92.5 ab

35.0

85.0

70.0

82.5 bc

92.5 ab

62.5

85.0

92.5

75.0 bcd 70.0 ab

97.5 a

75.0

97.5

85.0

97.5 a

55.0 a-d

72.5 de 62.5 ef 72.5 de 82.5 bcd

67.5 60.0 65.0 45.0

85.0 82.5 87.5 82.5

77.5 70.0 87.5 82.5

80.0 bcd 85.0 ab 72.5 bcd 70.0 cd

57.5 a-d 42.5 bcd 65.0 abc 57.5 a-d

90.0 abc

67.5

80.0

75.0

77.5 bcd 65.0 abc

77.5 d

67.5

85.0

77.5

85.0 ab

55.0 a-d

77.5 d

72.5

87.5

87.5

70.0 cd

80.0 a

80.0 cd

72.5

87.5

87.5

85.0 ab

77.5 a

77.5 d

45.0

87.5

65.0

72.5 bcd 28.0d

82.5 bcd 82.5 bcd

70.0 80.0

80.0 85.0

75.0 92.5

72.5 bcd 52.5 a-d 75.0 bcd 67.5ab

10.6 9.3

NS 48.6

NS 11.0

NS 19.1

14.6 13.1

* Means followed by same letter do not significantly differ (P=.05, LSD)

35.0 cd

31.5 38.6

Table 3: Berna bean potato leafhopper nymph counts at Ridgetown, Ontario. 2001 Nymphs per trifoliate Treatment

Untreated Check Fungicide Check (APRON MAXX RTA 19.05 FS) APRON MAXX RTA 19.05FS +CRUISER 350 FS APRON MAXX RTA 19.05FS +CRUISER 350 FS APRON MAXX RTA 19.05 FS +CRUISER 350 FS AGROX DL CYGON 480 E (foliar) U2051-15 G7014-0 + U2051-15 G7014-0 + U2051-15 G7014-0 + U2051-15 G7009-0 + U2051-15 G7009-0 + U2051-15 G7009-00 +U2051-1 G7047-01 DCT LSD CV

1st Trif Jul 4

3rd -4th Trif Jul 11

6th Trif 32 DAP Jul 17

R1-R2 Jul 25

R3-R4 Jul 31

R4 Aug 7

R4-R5 Aug 14

6.25

0.8 0.8

1.0 0.68

5.1 a* 5.2 a

7.2 5.8

16.9 11.6

9.3 10.3

13.5 15.0

6.25

0.3

0.57

0.3 d

8.0

15.0

14.3

7.8

30 6.25

0.0

0.41

0.2 d

2.3

8.8

12.0

18.5

50 6.25

0.5

0.32

1.2 bcd

0.9

6.3

2.3

6.0

1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5

2.7 3.0 2.9 0.5

6.2 a 4.5 a 5.1 a 4.8 a

9.4 7.2 5.0 12.3

20.9 23.1 12.9 16.1

9.5 11.5 12.3 14.0

15.3 16.8 12.5 10.3

0.5

1.6

3.9 ab

7.4

10.4

10.8

14.0

1.3

0.4

2.7 abc

5.0

11.7

7.3

11.5

0.0

0.0

2.7 abc

6.6

19.4

14.8

8.3

0.0

0.4

0.4 d

6.8

9.7

13.0

12.8

1.0

0.0

0.7 cd

5.6

25.6

13.5

11.3

0.3 0.5

0.0 2.6

1.2 bcd 7.1 a

2.9 8.3

10.7 17.9

9.5 14.3

16.5 11.0

NS 135. 0

NS 97.5

2.2 44.4

NS 41.7

NS 19.5

NS 58.3

NS 54.5

Rate gai/100kg seed

100 110 480 83 25 83 50 83 100 83 25 83 50 83 100 83 187.5 197.6

* Means followed by same letter do not significantly differ (P=.05, LSD)

Table 4: Berna bean leafhopper burn assessment and plant height at Ridgetown, Ontario. 2001

Treatment

Untreated Check Fungicide Chek (APRON MAXX RTA 19.05 FS) APRON MAXX RTA 19.05FS +CRUISER 350 FS APRON MAXX RTA 19.05FS +CRUISER 350 FS APRON MAXX RTA 19.05 FS +CRUISER 350 FS AGROX DL CYGON 480 E (foliar) U2051-15 G7014-0 + U2051-15 G7014-0 + U2051-15 G7014-0 + U2051-15 G7009-0 + U2051-15 G7009-0 + U2051-15 G7009-0 + U2051-15 G7047-01 DCT LSD CV

Rate g ai/100kg seed

Hopper burn (0-5) 2nd Trif July 7

3rd - 4th Trif July 17

6th Trif July 27

R1-R2 Aug 2

Plant Height cm Aug 15-01

0.9 0.6

1.9 1.4

2.4 1.6

3.1 2.3

33.7 37.3

6.25 30 6.25 50 6.25 100 110 480 83 25 83 50 83 100 83 25 83 50 83 10083

0.6

1.6

2.1

2.9

34.6

0.4

1.4

1.5

2

38.5

0.3

1.3

1.5

2.1

36.4

0.4 0.4 0 0.6

1.1 1.5 1.1 1.6

1.5 1.9 1.6 2.1

2.4 2.5 2.3 2.4

37.7 36.4 34.3 35.9

0.1

1.1

1.5

1.9

40.5

0.3

1.4

1.8

2.3

39.9

0.4

1.5

1.8

2.3

37.3

0.4

1.4

1.5

2

37.8

0.1

1.3

1.6

2

38.1

187.5 197.6

0.1 0.6

1.1 1.4

1.3 1.8

1.8 2.3

36 38.7

NS 95

NS 24.6

NS 29.7

NS 22.9

NS 13.4

6.25

Table 5: Kidney bean potato leafhopper nymph counts at Ridgetown, Ontario. 2001 Treatment

Untreated Check Fungicide Check (APRON MAXX RTA 19.05 FS) APRON MAXX RTA 19.05FS +CRUISER 350 FS APRON MAXX RTA 19.05FS +CRUISER 350 FS APRON MAXX RTA 19.05 FS +CRUISER 350 FS AGROX DL CYGON 480 E (foliar) U2051-15 G7014-0 + U2051-15 G7014-0 + U2051-15 G7014-0 + U2051-15 G7009-0 + U2051-15 G7009-0 + U2051-15 G7009-00 + U2051-1 G7047-01 DCT LSD CV

Rate g ai/100kg seed

Nymphs per trifoliate 1st Trif Jul 4

3rd -4th Trif Jul 11

6th Trif Jul 17

R1-R2 Jul 25

R3-R4 Jul 31

R4 Aug 7

R4-R5 Aug 14

6.25

0.8 ab* 0.0 c

1.8 1.5

3.8 1.8

2.5 4.3

3.8 4.3

5.3 4.5

5.2 1.2

6.25

0.3 bc

0.8

1.5

6.0

5.3

6.3

1.0

30 6.25

0.5 bc

0.0

1.0

1.8

1.3

3.7

0.7

50 6.25

0.3 bc

0.8

0.0

0.8

1.5

3.2

0.9

1.3 a 0.8 ab 0.0 c 0.5 bc

1.0 0.5 0.8 0.3

1.5 3.0 2.0 4.3

5.3 3.8 6.0 4.5

4.3 1.5 4.3 3.5

4.8 4.6 3.7 5.1

1.0 0.3 0.9 2.4

0.0 c

0.0

2.5

5.0

3.3

4.0

1.6

0.5 bc

0.3

2.0

3.3

2.5

4.1

1.5

0.3 bc

0.5

1.0

3.3

2.5

5.5

0.6

0.0 c

0.0

0.0

3.0

4.0

5.7

2.7

0.0 c

0.0

1.3

5.0

3.8

3.1

1.1

0.0 c 0.3 bc

0.3 0.8

0.8 1.8

2.8 2.0

3.0 1.0

3.6 2.3

0.8 0.7

0.7 138.8

NS 143.9

NS 109.9

NS 84.8

NS 86.5

NS 34.4

NS 74.7

100 110 480 83 25 83 50 83 100 83 25 83 50 83 100 83 187.5 197.6

*Means followed by similar letters do not significantly differ (P=.05, LSD)

Table 6: Kidney bean leafhopper burn assessment and plant height at Ridgetown, Ontario. 2001 Treatment

Rate g ai/100kg seed

Untreated Check Fungicide Check (APRON MAXX RTA 19.05 FS)

6.25

APRON MAXX RTA 19.05FS +CRUISER 350 FS APRON MAXX RTA 19.05FS +CRUISER 350 FS APRON MAXX RTA 19.05 FS +CRUISER 350 FS AGROX DL CYGON 480 E (foliar) U2051-15 G7014-0 + U2051-15 G7014-0 + U2051-15 G7014-0 + U2051-15 G7009-0

6.25 30 6.25 50 6.25 100 110 480 83 25 83 50 83 100 83 25

+ U2051-15 G7009-0 + U2051-15 G7009-0 + U2051-15 G7047-01 DCT

83 50 83 100 83 187.5 197.6

LSD CV

Hopper burn (0-5) 2nd Trif July 7

2nd - 3rd Trif July 17

3rd -4th Trif July 27

R1-R2 Aug 2

Plant Height cm Aug 15

0.6 0.1

1.4 0.8

1.8 0.9

2.1 a * 1.3 bcd

41.1 39.7

0.1

0.8

1

1.3 bcd

37.2

0.1

0.6

0.8

0.9 cd

43

0.1

0.5

0.6

0.9 cd

44.3

0 0.3 0 0.4

0.8 1 0.6 0.8

1.1 1.1 0.9 0.8

1.4 bcd 1.5 abc 1.3 bcd 0.9 cd

39.9 38.9 43 38.5

0.4

0.9

0.9

1.3 bcd

39.8

0.1

0.6

0.9

1.3 bcd

42.1

0.1

0.6

0.9

1.0 cd

43.5

0.3

0.6

0.8

0.8 d

44

0.4

1

1

1.8 ab

37.3

0.1 0.3

0.5 1

0.6 1.1

1.3 bcd 1.3 bcd

40 45.4

NS 138.8

NS 44.9

NS 43.3

0.7 38.8

NS 11.4

*Means followed by similar letter do not significantly differ (P=.05, LSD)

Table 7: White bean potato leafhopper nymph counts at Ridgetown, Ontario. 2001

Nymphs per trifoliate Treatment

Untreated Check Fungicide Check (APRON MAXX RTA 19.05 FS) APRON MAXX RTA 19.05FS +CRUISER 350 FS APRON MAXX RTA 19.05FS +CRUISER 350 FS APRON MAXX RTA 19.05 FS +CRUISER 350 FS AGROX DL CYGON 480 E (foliar) U2051-15 G7014-0 + U2051-15 G7014-0 + U2051-15 G7014-0 + U2051-15 G7009-0 + U2051-15 G7009-0 + U2051-15 G7009-00 +U2051-1 G7047-01 DCT LSD CV

Rate g ai/100kg seed

1st Trif Jul 4

3rd -4th Trif Jul 11

6th Trif Jul 17

R1-R2 Jul 25

R3-R4 Jul 31

R4 Aug 7

R4-R5 Aug 14

6.25

1.0 0.5

1.8 2.0

2.3 6.3

7.0 7.0

7.5 10.0

5.8 5.5

10.0 9.0

6.25

1.0

1.5

4.0

6.5

7.8

6.3

6.3

30 6.25

1.8

2.0

2.8

11.0

11.0

8.3

9.3

50 6.25

0.5

3.3

2.8

5.5

10.5

5.5

7.0

1.5 1.5 0.5 0.8

3.8 0.5 3.3 2.5

3.8 2.5 3.5 4.3

10.8 9.0 9.8 13.8

11.5 7.3 8.0 12.5

5.3 4.3 6.0 8.0

5.0 6.5 5.5 11.5

0.8

0.0

0.3

6.8

6.3

10.0

10.8

0.0

1.5

2.8

11.8

8.5

3.8

6.0

0.5

0.5

2.8

11.3

11.3

9.3

10.8

0.8

1.5

1.3

5.0

9.3

8.5

11.0

1.0

1.0

4.5

11.5

13.3

3.0

10.5

0.5 0.8

1.8 1.0

3.8 0.5

11.8 11.0

9.5 6.5

7.5 9.3

6.5 7.8

NS 161.7

NS 158.0

NS 100.4

NS 41.9

NS 39.9

NS 49.2

NS 52.5

100 110 480 83 25 83 50 83 100 83 25 83 50 83 100 83 187.5 197.6

Table 8: White bean leafhopper burn assessment and plant height at Ridgetown, Ontario. 2001 Treatment

Rate g ai 100/kg seed

Untreated Check Fungicide Check (APRON MAXX RTA 19.05 FS)

6.25

APRON MAXX RTA 19.05FS +CRUISER 350 FS APRON MAXX RTA 19.05FS +CRUISER 350 FS APRON MAXX RTA 19.05 FS +CRUISER 350 FS AGROX DL CYGON 480 E (Foliar) U2051-15 G7014-0 + U2051-15 G7014-0 + U2051-15 G7014-0 + U2051-15 G7009-0 + U2051-15 G7009-0 + U2051-15 G7009-0 + U2051-15 G7047-01 DCT

6.25 30 6.25 50 6.25 100 110 480 83 25 83 50 83 100 83 25 83 50 83 100 83 187.5 197.6

LSD CV

Hopper burn (0-5)Plant 2nd Trif July 7

3rd Trif July 17

4th Trif July 27

R1-R2 Aug 2

Plant Height cm Aug 15

0.9 0.4

1.8 1

2 1.1

3.0 a * 1.8 b

19.2 abc 19.1 abc

0.4

0.9

1.1

1.5 b

17.9 c

0.5

1.1

1.5

1.8 b

22.3 a

0.3

1.1

1.4

1.5 b

20.1 a bc

0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1

0.9 1.1 1 0.9

1.4 1.6 1 1.3

1.5 b 1.9 b 1.5 bc 1.5 bc

18.3 bc 19.2 a bc 19.8 a bc 21.2 a bc

0.3

1.1

1.4

1.6 b

22.3 ab

0.5

1.1

1.4

1.8 b

19.8 abc

0.1

1

1.3

1.6 bc

22.5 a

0.4

1

1.1

1.5 bc

21.9 ab

0.3

1

1.4

1.6 b

21.3 a bc

0.5 0.1

1 0.6

1.3 0.9

1.8 b 1.8 b

20.5 abc 21.4 abc

NS 110.6

NS 34.3

NS 31.9

0.6 23.3

3.9 13.5

*Means followed by same letter do not significantly differ (P=.05, LSD)

Table 9. Bean yield assessment at Ridgetown, Ontario. 2001 Treatment

Untreated Check Fungicide Check (APRON MAXX RTA 19.05 FS) APRON MAXX RTA 19.05FS +CRUISER 350 FS APRON MAXX RTA 19.05FS +CRUISER 350 FS APRON MAXX RTA 19.05 FS +CRUISER 350 FS AGROX DL CYGON 480 E (Foliar) U2051-15 G7014-0 + U2051-15 G7014-0 + U2051-15 G7014-0 + U2051-15 G7009-0 + U2051-15 G7009-0 + U2051-15 G7009-0 + U2051-15 G7047-01 DCT LSD CV

Rate g ai100/kg seed

6.25 6.25 30 6.25 50 6.25 100 110 480 83 25 83 50 83 100 83 25 83 50 83 100 83 187.5

Yield T /Ha Nov-5-01 Kidney

White

Berna

0.93 0.79

0.43 0.35

0.39 0.54

0.7

0.36

0.44

1.21

0.39

0.57

0.88

0.39

0.63

0.75 0.64 0.8 0.91

0.38 0.33 0.37 0.42

0.56 0.54 0.51 0.49

0.93

0.45

0.6

0.84

0.36

0.55

1.1

0.44

0.54

0.98

0.5

0.54

0.57

0.32

0.47

0.79 1.06

0.35 0.6

0.55 0.75

NS 37.7

NS 21.6

NS 35.2