10.1 Cell Growth, Division, and Reproduction Lesson Objectives Explain the problems that growth causes for cells. Compare asexual and sexual reproduction.
BUILD Vocabulary A. The chart below shows key terms from the lesson with their definitions. Complete the chart by writing a strategy to help you remember the meaning of each term. One has been done for you.
Term
Definition
Asexual reproduction
Reproduction involving only one parent organism
Sexual reproduction
BUILD Connections Growing Pains An analogy takes two things that seem to be different aand nd shows how they can be similar. 1. How does the analogy of a cell to a town help you understand why cells divide?
BUILD Understanding erstanding T-Chart A T-chart chart is a way to organize information. One way to make a T T-chart chart is to write the textbook headings in the left column of the chart. Rewrite these headings as questions in the right column. Then, as you read, answer the question in yyour own words. As you read the lesson, complete the T T-chart.
Headings
Questions and Answers
Limits to Cell Size
•
Why are cells limited in size?
•
Why are cell division and reproduction important?
Cell Growth and Reproduction
BUILD Understanding Complete the Venn diagram below to compare asexual and sexual reproduction.
Limits to Cell Size Ratio of Surface Area to Volume 1. Draw a line from the edge of Circle A to the dot in the center of Circle A. Do the same with Circle B. Which line looks longer?
2. Look at the triangles in each circle. Suppose they have to movee to the dot in the center. (Assume the triangles are traveling at the same speed.) Which triangles would get to the center faster faster—those those in Circle A or those in Circle B? Explain your reasoning. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. Imagine that Circle A and Circle B are cells. The tri triangles angles are materials the cells need to move in or out, or exchange. Which cell would have a greater problem exchanging materials? Explain your reasoning.
10.2 The Process of Cell Division Lesson Objectives Describe the role of chromosomes in cell division. Name the main events of the cell cycle. Describe what happens during the four phases of mitosis. Describe the process of cytokinesis.
BUILD Vocabulary A. The chart below shows key terms from the lesson with their definitions. Complete the chart by writing a strategy to help you remember the meaning of each term. One has been done for you. Term
Definition
Series of events a cell goes through as it grows and divides Area where two sister chromatids are attached. One of two identical “sister” parts of a replicated chromosome A combination of DNA and protein found in eukaryotic cells Made up of DNA; contains the genetic information needed to make new cells and carry out cell functions
Part of the eukaryotic cell cycle during which the cytoplasm divides Long period of the cell cycle between one cell division and the next Part of the eukaryotic cell cycle during which the nucleus divides
BUILD Understanding Two-Column Chart A two--column column chart is a way to take notes about what you read using words and pictures. Look at the two-column column chart below. The topic is at the top of the chart. In the left column, stages of the cell cycle are listed. sted. In the right column, you will write a description
and draw a picture of each stage. As you read about the cell cycle in your textbook, complete the chart. Use the completed chart as a study aid. The Cell Cycle Stage Interphase G1
S
G2
M Phase: Cell Division Mitosis
Cytokinesis
Description of Stage In G1, the cell grows and produces new proteins and organelles.
The Cell Cycle The Prokaryotic Cell Cycle The diagram on the left shows how a prokaryotic cell divides. The stages of cell division are shown in order they happen. Use the flowchart on the right to describe the steps in prokaryotic cell division. In a flowchart, arrows connect one step to the next. Follow the directions.
1. Write the stages in prokaryotic cell division in order in the flowchart. Cell Division
Flowchart Cell membrane
Before division, the DNA forms one circle.
DNA
Answer the questions.
2. The process of cell division in prokaryotic cells is called
.
3. Will the new cells have the same genetic material as the parent cell, or will each cell have different genetic material? 4. Is this asexual or sexual reproduction? 5. An example of an organism that reproduces with this kind of reproduction is a A. salamander. B. histone. C. red blood cell. D. bacterium
The Cell Cycle The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle Cell growth and division occur in a regular cycle. This cycle is divided into four phases: G1, S, G2, and M. Follow the directions.
1. Color the phase in which most cell growth occurs blue. 2. Color the phase in which DNA replication occurs red. 3. Color the phase in which preparation for mitosis occurs yellow. 4. Color the phase in which mitosis and cytokinesis occur orange. Answer the questions.
5. Which three phases make up interphase? 6. The division of the cell nucleus during the M phase of the cell cycle is called 7. Match the process with the correct phase. S
A. Cells do most of their growing.
G2
B. Chromosomes are replicated, and the synthesis of DNA molecules takes place.
G1
C. Many of the organelles and molecul molecules required for cell division are produced.
.
Mitosis Mitosis is the process by which the nucleus of most eukaryotic cells divides. Mitosis has four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Follow the directions.
1. Label the four phases of mitosis in the diagram. 2. Label the spindles and centrioles in one of the phases. 3. Color each chromosome in prophase a different color. Follow each of these chromosomes through mitosis. Show this by coloring the correct structures in each phase of mitosis.
Chromatin
Chromosome Interphase
Cytokinesis
Answer the questions.
4. In which phase do the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell? 5. In which phase do the chromosomes become visible? 6. In which phase do the chromosomes move until they form two groups near the poles of the spindles?
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10.3 Regulating the cell cycle Lesson Objectives Describe how the cell cycle is regulated. Explain how cancer cells differ from other cells.
BUILD Vocabulary A. The chart below shows key terms from the less lesson on with their definitions. Complete the chart by writing a strategy to help you remember the meaning of each term. One has been done for you. Term
Definition
Apoptosis Condition where cells lose ability to control growth External regulatory protein that stimulates the growth and division of cells
BUILD Understanding Concept Map A concept map can help you organize information and show how ideas are connected. Finish the concept map below. Add a term or phrase that is connected to the topic. Regulating the cell cycle
through Controls on cell division includ include
Uncontrolled cell growth
10.4 Cell Differentiation Lesson Objectives Describe the process of differentiation. Define stem cells and explain their importance. Identify the possible benefi benefits and issues relating to stem cell research.
BUILD Vocabulary A. The chart art below shows key terms from the lesson with their definitions. Complete the chart by writing a strategy to help you remember the meaning of each term. One has been done for you. Term
Definition
Process by which cells become specialized early development pment stage of an organism Able to develop into all tissues of the body except those around the embryo Stem cells Able to develop into all tissues of the body
BUILD Understanding Compare/Contrast Table Use a compare/contrast table when you want to see the similarities and differences between two or more objects or processes. Complete the table by filling in information for each kind of cell. Totipotent cells
Ability to differentiate
Pluripotent cells All cells except tissues around embryo
Multipotent cells
Stem Cells and Development Unlike most cells during development, certain cells will maintain the ability to become different cells. Stem cells have the ability to differentiate into other types of cells. Write the term from the word box ox that describes each part of the diagram. Blastocyst Fat cell Inner cell mass
White blood cell Smooth muscle cell Nerve cell
Answer the questions.
1. Is the following sentence true or false? Totipotent cells can differentiate into any type of cell. 2. Adult stem cells in the brain can produce A. nerve cells. B. muscle cells. C. skin cells. D. egg cells. 3. A blastocyst develops from a(n)
