1. Which graph best represents the altitude of Polaris observed at northern latitude positions on the Earth's surface?

4. The diagram below shows an observer measuring the altitude of Polaris.

A)

B)

C)

What is the latitude of the observer? A) 20° N B) 20° S C) 70° N D) 70° S 5. At which New York State location would an observer measure the highest altitude of Polaris?

D)

A) New York City B) Slide Mountain C) Niagara Falls D) Plattsburgh 6. Which diagram represents the approximate altitude of Polaris as seen by an observer located Syracuse, New York? A)

B)

C)

D)

2. At which latitude will Polaris be overhead? A) 0º B) 23 ½ºN. C) 90º S. D) 90º N. 3. The diagram below shows the angular altitude of Polaris above the horizon at a certain location.

7. What is the approximate altitude of Polaris at Syracuse, New York? A) 43°

What is the latitude of the observer? A) 15° N B) 25° N C) 30° N D) 65° N

B) 47°

C) 76°

D) 90º

8. The diagram below shows an instrument made from a drinking straw, protractor, string, and rock.

11. An observer on a moving ship notices that the altitude of Polaris increases each night. Local solar noon occurs at the same time each day. In what direction is the ship moving? A) due east B) due south C) due west D) due north 12. Which graph best represents the relationship between the latitude of an observer and the observed altitude of Polaris above the northern horizon?

This instrument was most likely used to measure the A) distance to a star B) altitude of a star C) mass of the Earth D) mass of the suspended weight 9. As a person travels northward from the Equator, the altitude of Polaris will appear to A) decrease B) increase C) remain the same 10. The diagram below represents an observer measuring the altitude of Polaris.

A)

B)

C)

D)

13. At which location is the altitude of Polaris approximately 42°? A) Niagara Falls B) Elmira C) Watertown D) Massena 14. At which New York State location will an observer most likely measure the altitude of Polaris as approximately 42°? A) Jamestown B) Plattsburgh C) Oswego D) New York City 15. If an observer on Earth views Polaris on the horizon, the observer is located at the A) B) C) D)

At which latitude is this observer located? A) 16° N C) 53° N

B) 37° N D) 90° N

equator (0°) North Pole (90° N) Tropic of Cancer (23.5° N) Tropic of Capricorn (23.5° S)

16. The diagram below represents the route of a ship traveling from New York City to Miami, Florida. Each night, a passenger on the ship observes Polaris .

18. The diagram below shows an observer on Earth measuring the altitude of Polaris.

Which statement best describes the observed changes in the altitude of Polaris made by the passenger during the voyage? A) Each night the altitude decreases in the northern sky. B) Each night the altitude decreases in the southern sky. C) Each night the altitude increases in the northern sky. D) Each night the altitude increases in the southern sky. 17. The diagram below shows latitude measurements every 10 degrees and longitude measurements every 15 degrees.

What is the latitude and longitude of point X? A) 40° S 45° E C) 60° S 30° W

B) 50° N 45° W D) 75° N 30° E

What is the latitude of this observer? A) 90° N B) 66.5° N C) 43° N D) 23.5° N 19. At which location will the highest altitude of the star Polaris be observed? A) B) C) D)

Equator Tropic of Cancer Arctic Circle central New York State

Base your answers to questions 20 and 21 on the time-exposure photograph shown below. The photograph was taken by aiming a camera at a portion of the night sky above a New York State location and leaving the camera's shutter open for a period of time to record star trails.

20. Which celestial object is shown in the photograph near the center of the star trails? A) the Sun B) the Moon C) Sirius D) Polaris 21. During the time exposure of the photograph, the stars appear to have moved through an arc of 120º. How many hours did this time exposure take? A) 5 h

B) 8 h

C) 12 h

22. The diagram below shows an observer on Earth measuring the altitude of Polaris.

D) 15 h 23. As a ship crosses the Prime Meridian, an observer on the ship measures the altitude of Polaris at 60°. What is the ship's location? A) B) C) D)

What is the latitude of this observer? A) 43° N C) 47° N

B) 43° S D) 47° S

60° south latitude and 0° longitude 60° north latitude and 0° longitude 0° latitude and 60° east longitude 0° latitude and 60° west longitude

24. Base your answer to the following question on the world map below. Letters A through D represent locations on Earth's surface.

At which location could an observer not see Polaris in the night sky at any time during the year? A) A

B) B

C) C

D) D

25. Which statement about Polaris is best illustrated by the diagrams shown below?

26. The dashed line on the map below shows a ship's route from Long Island, New York, to Florida. As the ship travels south, the star Polaris appears lower in the northern sky each night.

The best explanation for this observation is that Polaris

A) Polaris is located in a winter constellation B) Polaris is located at the zenith at each location. C) Polaris' apparent movement through the sky follows a south-to-north orientation. D) Polaris' altitude is equal to a locations latitude.

A) B) C) D)

rises and sets at different locations each day has an elliptical orbit around Earth is located directly over Earth's Equator is located directly over Earth's North Pole

27. Which diagram best shows the altitude of Polaris observed near Buffalo, New York? A)

Base your answers to questions 29 and 30 on the map below, which shows the latitude and longitude of five observers, A, B, C, D, and E, on Earth.

B)

C) 29. What is the altitude of Polaris (the North Star) above the northern horizon for observer A?

D)

A) 0° B) 10° C) 80° D) 90° 30. Which two observers would be experiencing the same apparent solar time? A) A and C B) B and C C) B and E D) D and E 31. From Utica, New York, Polaris is observed at an altitude of approximately

28. The North Star (Polaris) can be used for navigation in Earth's Northern Hemisphere because A) Polaris is located directly over the Tropic of Cancer B) Polaris is the brightest and most easily located star C) the altitude of Polaris is equal to the observer's latitude D) the position of Polaris changes with the seasons

A) 43º B) 47º C) 75º D) 90º 32. What could be the approximate location of an observer if he measured the altitude of Polaris to be 41 degrees above the horizon? A) Watertown C) Buffalo

B) Massena D) New York City

33. Base your answer to the following question on the passage and map below. The map shows sections of the Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico. Shipwreck In 1641, the crew of the ship Concepcion used the Sun and stars for navigation. The crew thought that the ship was just north of Puerto Rico, but ocean currents had carried them off course. The ship hit a coral reef and sank off the coast of the Dominican Republic. The Xon the map marks the location of the sunken ship.

At which map location does Polaris appear the highest in the nighttime sky? A) Miami, Florida C) Havana, Cuba

B) Kingston, Jamaica D) San Juan, Puerto Rico

34. Which diagram best represents the location of Polaris for an observer located at the Equator?

37. The diagram below shows an observer on Earth viewing the star Polaris.

A)

B)

What is the observer's latitude? A) 38° N B) 38° S C) 52° N D) 52° S 38. As a person travels due west across New York State, the altitude of Polaris will

C)

A) decrease B) increase C) remain the same 39. The diagram below shows the altitude of Polaris above the horizon at a certain location.

D)

35. From which New York State location would Polaris be observed to have an altitude closest to 43° above the northern horizon? A) Binghamton B) Utica C) Watertown D) New York City 36. As a ship crosses the Prime Meridian, the altitude of Polaris measured from the ship is 50°. What is the ship’s location? A) B) C) D)

0° latitude 50° east longitude 0° latitude 50° west longitude 50° north latitude 0° longitude 50° south latitude 0° longitude

What is the latitude of the observer? A) 10° N C) 50° N

B) 40° N D) 90° N

40. The diagram below shows a student in New York State observing Polaris.

The student is located nearest to which city in New York State? A) Plattsburgh C) New York City

B) Albany D) Kingston