1. In an experiment, the control group is used to test the effect of the independent variable

Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. ____ ...
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Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. ____

1. In an experiment, the control group is used to test the effect of the independent variable. _________________________

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2. A hypothesis is usually an educated guess made to explain an event_________________________

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3. Biologists discover problems by observing the world around them. _________________________

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4. The experimental group is used as a point of reference in an experiment_______________

Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____

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5. The characteristic of living things that reflects the idea that there has been a gradual change in the characteristics of species over time is _____. a. energy c. reproduction b. unity within diversity d. evolution 6. Living things maintain a stable internal environment by a process known as _____. a. environment c. homeostasis b. growth spurt d. response 7. Living things change during their lives through _____. a. reproduction c. making responses b. growth and development d. adaptation and organization 8. All living things _____ to make more living things. a. reproduce c. grow b. develop d. adapt 9. Which of the following are likely topics for a scientific inquiry? a. Why does the Texas horned lizard squirt blood out of its eyes? b. How is a banded pipefish able to hide in its environment of seaweeds? c. What chemicals cause plant stems to lengthen or flowers to bloom? d. All of these. 10. Key to the study of biology is learning about the _____. a. rocks c. chemicals b. life around us d. all of these 11. Which statement is incorrect? As an organism develops on its own, _____. a. it produces more of its own kind b. it takes on the characteristics of a particular species c. its amount of living material increases d. different parts grow at different rates 12. The information gathered from experiments is called _____. a. the data c. the hypothesis b. the research d. the conclusion 13. A structured procedure for collecting information to test a hypothesis is a(n) _____. a. principle c. control b. theory d. Experiment

____ 14. The part of an experiment which includes all conditions that are kept the same is/are the _____. a. dependent variables c. collection of data b. controled variables d. independent variable ____ 15. A testable explanation for a question or problem is a(n) _____. a. experiment c. observation b. hypothesis d. verifiable law ____ 16. Why is the hypothesis that black cats cause bad luck not science? a. The results of studying the hypothesis are not repeatable. b. The results of studying the hypothesis are open to judgment. c. The hypothesis cannot be tested by controlled experiments. d. All of these. ____ 17. Which of the following studies is outside the realm of science? a. astrology c. plant growth b. animal behavior d. bacterial reproduction ____ 18. When it is often difficult to gather numerical data, _____ information is collected. a. quantitative c. scientific b. qualitative d. ethical ____ 19. Quantitative data is often recorded in _____ to aid understanding. a. graphs or charts c. long lists of numbers b. descriptions of behavior d. all of these ____ 20. An experiment is _____. a. an observation about nature c. a problem that may be solved b. a way to prove a fact d. a test of a hypothesis ____ 21. Students of a biology class ran an experiment on a type of flowering plant. Their goal was to find the optimal time in the plant's life for flowering. What time period will provide the most flowering plants? Use Table 1-1 to determine your answer. Table 1-1 Day

Number of Plants Flowering

2

6

4

12

6

18

8

22

10

8

a. 5-6 days b. 6-7 days

c. 7-8 days d. 8-9 days

____ 22. Which of the following results from quantitative analysis of Figure 1-6?

Figure 1-6 a. the babies are cold b. there are 7 babies c. there isn’t enough food d. these are the first babies this rabbit has had ____ 23. Which of the adaptations on a dolphin, shown in Figure 1-8 is used for breathing underwater?

Figure 1-8 a. A c. C b. B d. D ____ 24. Which of the examples shows a response to a stimulus? a. c.

b.

d.

____ 25. Which of the pictures in Figure 1-10 shows the most diversity? a.

c.

b.

d.

26. Discuss how a biologist might carry out quantitative and qualitative research on a species of monkeys. Quantitative – Qualitative -

27. The fish in an aquarium swim to the top when the light is turned on. Develop a hypothesis to explain this behavior and design an experiment to test the hypothesis.

28. Sugar dissolves in, or mixes completely with, water. The solubility of a substance in water is determined by measuring the maximum amount of the substance that dissolves in a given amount of water at a given temperature. HYPOTHESIS: The solubility of sugar in water increases as the temperature of the water decreases. Identify the independent and dependent variables. Independent – Dependent -

29. An electromagnet can be made by wrapping insulated wire around an iron nail and connecting the ends of the wire to a 6-volt battery. HYPOTHESIS: Increasing the number of coils of wire wrapped around the nail increases the strength of the electromagnet, as measured by the number of paper clips the magnet can pick up. Identify the independent and dependent variables. Independent – Dependent -

A student noticed that when a dog is cut, the dog periodically licks its wounds. Usually after a few days, the wound begins to heal without ever showing signs of infection. The following steps outline the student's line of reasoning: A. I wonder why the dog's wound doesn't become infected. B. The dog's saliva must prevent the growth of infection-causing bacteria. C. I'll start with two identical culture dishes and use the same kind of bacteria in each dish. I'll treat one dish with dog saliva before I add the bacteria. I'll observe what happens each day for a week. D. Even after adding the dog saliva to one of the dishes, the bacteria continued to grow in both dishes over the course of the week. However, the bacteria in the treated dish grew more slowly than the bacteria in the untreated dish. 30. Why were both dishes covered? 31. What is the control? 32. What is the dependent variable? 33. What is the independent variable in the student's experimental design?

34. What is an alternative hypothesis the student might have formed?

35. What part of the scientific method is illustrated in step A? Step B? Problem One hundred pregnant women and their developing fetuses were monitored over the course of pregnancy in a study designed to compare the average weight gain of a woman during pregnancy with the average weight gain of the developing fetus. This is shown in Table 1-2. (Note that the weight gain of the developing fetus is its actual weight.) Table 1-2 Week of pregnancy

Weight gain of mother (kg)

Weight gain of fetus (kg)

8

1.5

not measurable

12

1.8

0.25

16

3.0

0.25

20

4.0

0.50

24

5.5

0.75

28

8.0

1.25

32

10.0

2.00

36

13.0

2.25

40

15.0

3.00

36. Graph the data for the mother and the fetus on the grid in Figure 1-5. Decide on a method to distinguish the sets of data. Be sure to label each graph.

Figure 1-5 37. Make a bar graph of the information shown in Table 1-3, ordering the percentages from low to high. Table 1-3 COUNTRY

% STUDENTS WHO HAVE MORE THAN ONE EARRING

Britain

89

U.S.

61

Japan

5

Germany

33

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