Chapter 68 _______________________________

A/.- I know ( I have found out, I have seen ) _____________________

68.1 A/.,NQRZ- I have seen) has the grammatical form of a Second Perfect, but without reduplication. The Aorist stem A/ or 0A/ is used as the Aorist for R!.& - I see. In some dictionaries this verb may be listed as 0A/& - I know, although it is not used as such in the Present tense. There were some variations in stem and personal endings over time. Classical as well as Koine forms are given below for future reference. The stem originally had a digamma ­/hence the Latin YLGR I see

68.2 The Perfect Indicative is Attic I know you know he/she/it knows

Koine

Attic

A/. A/. A1. A/." A/0 A/0

Koine

A10  A/.0 A120  A/.20 A1.1  A/.1

we know you know they know

Practice - until you can read and translate easily

Œ.2..!2.#2.2.%%Œ2 #1  A/0.!RŒ.2!^&R ]!. " $!É020 2 #2&Œ.2& 2. 0A ]^0"Œ ! Q20" A/.20 / .2. ../ #.2 "20 "^& Œ 1ó . RŒ.2!/&10 .. 2 ".A2 #1.]2& ( 2 / .- gift ) 3. B .2.0 #1.]2ó2A/."R2  B -.!1.  #1.20"2    %1./.11. ; 4. Œ !0" /0RI1 #"0AŒ0 O] A/.202.A2010 5. A/. Œ 0% .Œ #^Œ.& 1.

The Gentiles search after all these things, for your heavenly father knows (that) you need all these. (Matt. 6:32) If you then, being evil, know to give good gifts to your children, how much more will your Father give good (things) to those who ask (him)? (Matt. 7:11) The disciples say to him, "Do you know that the Pharisees were offended when they heard the saying ? (Matt. 15:12) Jesus (having answered) said, "You do not know what you ask." (Matt. 20:22) I know whence I came and whither I go. (John 8:14) 6. ^0" /0 ] A/.20Œ 0%!$ . But you don't know whence I come 3Œ # ^Œ.& nor whither I go. (John 8:14) Rabbi, we know that you have come (as) 7. î. A/.0R2Œ 0 #%#." //.1. " a teacher from God. (John 3:2) 8. R /00A10!$ 0 "/.2"#!." The one entering by the door Œ  %122&Œ! .2& is the shepherd of the sheep . . . .2.Œ! .2..]2ó  #0 and the sheep follow him, because R2 A/.123&.]2 # they know his voice. (John 10:2,4) ( ;  #0- remember that a Neuter Plural may take a singular verb ) 9.  2!ó /0 ]  #1 #1 They will not follow another (someone else) R2 ] A/.12& 2!& because they do not know 2 3& the voice of others. (John 10:5) ( g/.1 example of a "moveable nu" being dropped) 10. ^0" Œ! 1#020T ] A/.20 You worship that which you do not know, 20" Œ! 1# #0T A/.0 we worship that which we do know. (John 4:22) Last edited : June 22, 2014

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At one point, Luke, reporting a speech by Paul, uses the Attic form rather than the Koine : 11. 7 0 ]&1 # All the Jews know A1.1 Œ.20" BI #/.  my manner of life . . . ( X&1"0&"- manner of life )

68.3

(Acts 26:4)

The Perfect Subjunctive and Optative Active Perfect Subjunctive I might know you might know he/she/it might know we might know y'all might know might know

Perfect Optative

0A/& 0A/É" 0A/É 0A/&0 0A/20 0A/&1

0A/0 0A/0" 0A/0 0A/00 0A/00or 0A/00 0A/00or0A/01. The Perfect Optative does not occur in the GNT.

Practice - until you can read and translate easily

B. /00A/20R2% #1.%$0R#B " So that you may know that the Son of Man 2 # !&Œ #%Œ2""30. has authority on the earth to forgive sins, 2." .!2."2 20002óŒ.!.#2ó then he says (said) to the paralytic, +0!0", ! 1 #2 "Having risen, take up your mattress . ^Œ.00A"2  A 1 # and go off to your home." (Matt. 9:6) 2. 20" /0 ]2 Œ0#.2 # 1 # We did not receive the spirit of the world %. 0 .2 Œ0#.%2 #0 # but the Spirit from God, so that we might B.0A/&02.^Œ 2 #0 # know the things granted by God $.!102. 2 (1 Cor. 2:12) to us. ( $.!102.= Aorist Participle Passive, Nominative/Accusative Neuter Plural of $.! .- I grant ) 3. . %.0A/&2.#12!.Œ.2. And if I know all mysteries . . . but do not . . . .Œ/0 ]%$& ]/00A have love, I am nothing. (1 Cor. 13:2) 4. A. /00A/20R2R#B "2 #!&Œ # So that you may know that the Son of Man % #1. %$0%Œ2"" has authority on the earth 30. .!2." to forgive sins . . . (Mark 2:10) 5. %. ]0A/&2/#.2"3&" So then, if I do not know the meaning of the %1 . 2ó. #2.!.! " language, I will be (as) a foreigner to the one . R.&%% .!.! " speaking, and the one speaking (will be)

1.

(as) a foreigner to me. (1 Cor. 14:11) ( "2/#.2"3&"- lit. "the power of the sound/voice" x.!.! " = barbarian, foreigner, non-Greek ) 6. B. /00A/20.^0"2..2 %0 So that you also may know (the things) about 2 Œ!.11&Œ.2.&!10 me, what I am doing, ^7#$ ". Tychicus will let you know. (Eph. 6:21) 7. 7.#2. 1 !.3&B.0A/É" I am writing these things to you, so that you Œ&" /0% Aó0 # may know how one ought to behave .12!0301. in the house(hold) of God. (1 Tim. 3:15) 8. 7.#2. %!.%.^B.0A/20 I wrote these things to you so that you may R2 &%$020.A&  know that you have eternal life. (1 John 5:13)

Last edited : June 22, 2014

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68.4 The Pluperfect Indicative Active is Attic I knew you knew he/she/it knew

Koine

›/ ›/0 ›/1.›/0" ›/0 ›/0

Attic

Koine

10 120 1.

›/00 ›/020 ›/01.

we knew y'all knew they knew

Practice - until you can read and translate easily

& ]—/0.]2  And I did not know him . . . (John 1:31) +0 /0&1020R20A—/0R Know this, that if the householder had known  A /0Œ 2" Œ º3#.ÉR0Œ2" at what watch (of the night) the thief %!$02., %! !10. ] was coming, he would have watched and 0A.10 / !#$. would not have let his house 2 A..]2 # be broken into. (Luke 12:37-48) ( / !#$. = "to be broken into", Aorist Infinitive Passive of / !#11&- I dig through - the thief would enter by digging through a wall) 3. 7 R2%20200 ]—/020R2 Why were you seeking me? Did you not know % 2 "2 #Œ.2! " # that I must be in (about) the things /00A.0 (Luke 2:49) of my Father? 4. 2. /. .—/01. The demons knew him 2 ;!12  .]2 0A. to be the Christ. (see Luke 4:41) 5.  !0 / #0—/0"R2 Wicked slave, you knew that 0!& RŒ # ]%1Œ0!. I harvest where I do not sow. (Matt. 25:26) 6. —/0 .!%!$"RI1 #" For Jesus knew from the beginning who was 2A" %12RŒ.!./&1&.]2  the one betraying him. (John 6:64) 7. %3 /0R.# "O]—/0/03  Paul said, "I did not know, brothers, R2 %12!$0!0#" that he is a High Priest." (Acts 23:5) 8. ] 02 —/01. B.2. The disciples did not yet know R2 I1 #"%12 that it was Jesus. (John 21:4) 9. Œ0! I1 #".0AŒ0.]2É Jesus answered and said to her, "If you EA —/0"2/&!0.2 #0 # knew the gift of God . . . " (John 4:10) 10. .]2 " /0—/02 #"/. 1 #".]2& But he knew their thoughts. (Luke 6:8) 1. 2.

68.5 The Future Indicative is rare in the New Testament. Attic I shall know you will know he/she/it will know

Koine

Attic

Koine

0A1 0. 0A/1 0we shall know 0A10100A/1020 you will know 0A1 2.0A/1 #1 they will know

0A1 .0A/1& 0A1É 0A/10" 0A102. 0A/10

Practice - until you can read and translate easily 1.

. ]//.&1&.12 "2  /03  .]2 #0&+&2  #! , R2Œ.20"0A/1 #10

68.6

And they will not each teach his brother, saying, "Know the Lord.", because they will all know me. (Heb. 8:11)

The Imperatives are 2nd. person singular 3rd. person singular

A1 A12&

A120 2nd. person plural A12& 3rd. person plural

There is the possibility of confusion with the Attic form of the 2nd Person Plural Perfect Indicative, and with the Imperatives of 0A A1 %120 2nd. person plural 2nd. person singular %12& %12& 3rd. person plural 3rd. person singular However, the context will be a guide to the correct translation. Last edited : June 22, 2014

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Practice - until you can read and translate easily 1. I120, /03  #.Œ2  Know (this), beloved brothers . . . (James 1:19 - from the context, an Imperative - it is followed by 3rd person Imperatives) 2. A120 .!R20&!  1. You know that (wishing) when he wished 2 0] .Œ0/ .1 to inherit the blessing he was rejected. (Heb. 12:17 - from the context, a statement of a fact which the hearers already know about Esau, hence an Indicative Active) For know this, knowing that . . . 3. 2 #2 .!A1201 20"R2 For you know this, knowing that . . . (Eph. 5:5 - this example is ambiguous, but the basic meaning is similar in both cases)

68.7

The InfinitiveLV0A/0. "to know"

Practice - until you can read and translate easily

. Œ0!1.0A/0. Œ 0 2. R/0I1 #" 0AŒ0
0&1 02!0  ]3&1010! 02&! &&"2!"0Œ.!1É0A/0. 1.

They answered that they did not know from where (it was). (Luke 20:7) Jesus said, "I say to you, Peter, (that) tomorrow the rooster will not crow until you deny knowing me three times. (see Luke 22:34) 3. |0.]2ó,&." #!0 Thomas said to him, "Lord,  ] A/.0Œ #^Œ.0" we do not know where you are going. Œ&"/#.0.2R/ 0A/0. How can we know the way ?" (John 14:5) 4. ].!%!.20A/0.%^0A I decided to know nothing among you except I1 #!12 .2 #2 %12.#!&0  Jesus Christ, and him crucified. (1 Cor. 2:2) 5. 0&/0^."0A/0.R2Œ.2 "/! " I wish you to know that the head 203.R!12 "%12 of every man is Christ. (1 Cor. 11:3) ] Œ.# .0]$.!12&^Œ0!^& 6. I do not cease to give thanks for you, 0. Œ  #0 "%Œ2&Œ! 10#$& # making remembrance in my prayers, B. R0 "/&É^Œ0#.1 3." that God might give you a spirit of wisdom, . . . Œ03&2.0 #"2 #"Q3. #"2" having the eyes of your heart illumined .!/." ^&0A"2 0A/0.^."2"%12that you may know what is 2%Œ" 2"10&".]2 # the hope of his calling. (Eph. 1:18) ( X0.- remembrance, a mention in prayer ) 7. ,0&.!^."0A/0.2 &. I want you to know how great an effort %$&^Œ0!^& (Col. 2:1) I have on your behalf. 8. R  "^&Œ.2 20%$.!2 (Let) your word (be) always in charity, . . . 0A/0.Œ&"/0^." (so as) to know how you must answer &&.12óŒ !01. (Col. 4:6) evry one. 9. +!&2&0/0^."/03 0A/0. We ask (beseech) you, brothers, to know 2 #" Œ&2."%^ (recognize) those toiling amongst you. (1 Thess. 5:12) 2. 0RR   #10A/0. They profess to know God, but by their deeds 2 "/0%! "! #2. they deny (him). (Titus 1:16)

68.8

The Perfect Participle is Masc. Nom. Acc. Gen. Dat.

Singular Fem.

Neut.

0A/&" 0A/#.0A/ 0A/ 2. 0A/#.0A/ 0A/ 2 "0A/#."0A/ 0A/ 2 0A/#º0A/

Last edited : June 22, 2014

" " 2 " 2

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Masc.

0A/ 0A/ 0A/ 0A/

Plural Fem.

Neut.

20" 0A/#.0A/ 2. 2."0A/#."0A/ 2. 2&0A/#&0A/ 2& 10A/#."0A/ 1

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Practice - until you can read and translate easily

R I1 #"0AŒ0.]2 "..10 Jesus said to them, "You err, 0A/ 20"2."!.3." not knowing the scriptures, /0 2/#.2 #0 # nor the power of God. (Matt. 22:29) 2. 0A/&" /02."%#010".]2& Knowing their thoughts, he said to them, 0AŒ0 .]2 ".1..10. "Every kingdom (having been) divided 0!101.. &.#2"%! #2. against itself is laid waste. (Matt. 12:25) ( 0!101. - Feminine Aorist Participle Middle/Passive of 0!&- I divide K! #2.- Present Indicative Middle/Passive of K! &,lay waste, desolate ) 3. 0A/ 2 ]. Œ 0.Œ  #2 To the one knowing to do (a) good (thing) .!2. .]2ó%12 and not doing (it), it is sin (to him).

1.

2 /0#0A/#.T0 0.]2É 10.Œ! 10Œ010.]2ó.0AŒ0 .]2óŒ.1.20. 5. R.!:!ó/"%3 02 2 I&. 0A/&" .]2 /!./. . 

4.

. .200&.]2  0A/ 20" R2Œ0.0 %002 /0j"j!&2!&/.12. 7. . 2#.]2 #0/#. 2 0  "0A10 ( 2  /.12.- interval ) 8. R /00A/&".]2&2^Œ !10AŒ0 .]2 ", T0Œ0!.020 6.

. .#$&0.%2."%010A/ 20" R2 2%"^Œ  .20!.02. 10. 0A/&" /0RI1 #"%&.#2óR2  # #1 Œ0!2 #2 # B.2. .]2 #0AŒ0.]2 " 7 #2 ^."1./.0

9.

(James 4:17) But the woman, knowing what had happened to her, came and fell before him and told him all the truth. (Mark 5:33 ) For Herod feared John, knowing him (to be) a righteous and holy man. (Mark 6:20) And they were laughing at him, knowing that she had died. (Luke 8:53) There was an interval of about three hours and his wife entered, not knowing what had happened. (Acts 5:7) But he, knowing their hypocrisy, said to them, "Why are you testing me ?" (Mark 12:15) We rejoice in tribulation(s), knowing that tribulation produces endurance. (Rom. 5:3) Jesus, knowing within himself that his disciples were grumbling about this, said to them, "Does this offend you?" (John 6:61)

NOTE : The Aorist Participle

A/&

A/ #1.

A/ 

is used for "having seen", which in some contexts is equivalent to "knowing", "realizing" Practice - until you can read and translate easily

. A/&RI1 #"2."%#10".]2& Jesus, knowing/having seen their thoughts. 0AŒ0, J.2%#010Œ !. said "Why do you think evil (things) % 2.".!/."^& in your hearts ?" (Matt. 9:4) ( XK#1"- thought, deliberation K#0 .- I think, bear in mind, deliberate)

1.

68.9 Sentences for reading and translation 1. Œ0! I1 #"O]20%0 A/.20 ]202 Œ.20!. # 0A %0—/020.2 Œ.20!. #—/020  A/. 1#2"0GR "2 #0 # . ]130.02./. .R2—/01..]2  5. R /0I1 #"0AŒ0.]2ó2."%2 ." A/." 6. R/0I1 #"0AŒ0.]2 "O] A/.202.A2010 Last edited : June 22, 2014

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(John 8:19) (John 8:19) (Mark 1:24) (Mark 1:34) (Mark 10:18-19) (Mark 10:38)

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7. //.1.0 A/.0R2"0G (Mark 12:14) . Œ.%&0^!0.0#/ 2.". ]—/01.2Œ !&1.]2ó (Mark 14:40)

.#A/ #/0/00 "%&2óŒ0#.2Œ !0# .0A"I0! #1. 2. %.]2É1#.21 2. 0A/&" (Acts 20:22) 10. %. 0 .2 Œ0#.2 %2 #0 # B.0A/&02.^Œ 2 #0 #$.!102.2 (1 Cor. 2:12) 68.10 Writing Practice : Write the Greek text while saying aloud : Philippians 4:7-8 To  Œ , /03 R1.%12 Finally, brothers, whatever (things) are true, R1. 10.R1./..R1.. whatever (things) (are) honorable, whatever R1. Œ! 13R1.0]3. 0A 2"!02.0A2"%Œ. " 2.#2.  010Â

(things) (are) righteous, whatever (things) (are) holy whatever (things) (are) pleasing, whatever (things) (are) reputable

if (there is) some virtue, if (there is) some praise reckon/think about these things.

68.11 There is no passage for reading and translation. 68.12 Vocabulary to learn %z& %Œ2|& $!É&

I permit, allow I search for, seek after, desire, crave I need, have need of

R/01Œ‚2" R A /01Œ‚2"

master, slave owner, lord householder, landowner

2 

however, though, yet

Last edited : June 22, 2014

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